Advertising to Children Essay 4 - 2185 Words

Brainwashing Advertising to Children Dawn Korsick BUS 317 Garlyn Lewis October 10, 2009 Advertising plays an important role in business and in society. With advertising comes social and ethical responsibilities, this is especially important when advertising to children of all ages. Although a child’s age cannot be defined universally, The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization states early childhood is zero to eight years old. Advertising law defines the age of a child will vary by jurisdiction, but the age of twelve is a common cut-off age. It is at this age that children have developed their consumer behavior to be critical and have the ability to understand what is being advertised to them. â€Å"More†¦show more content†¦(Strasburger, 2001). * Magazines aimed at children have blossomed. Many of these magazines are kid versions of adult magazines. For instance, the popular â€Å"Sports Illustrated for Kids†, carries ads for minivans. * Promotional toys either tie in to cartoons, TV shows and movies or promote br and consciousness and loyalty. * Cartoon and toy characters are used on all kinds of products, seeking to catch the childrens eyes and purchases. * Databases of child customers are being built from information gathered on Internet sign-ups and chat rooms, from electronic toy registries at stores like Toys R Us, and from direct surveys. * Advertising in schools: Advertisers and marketers take advantage of severe budget shortfalls in schools to offer cash or products in return for advertising access to children. In my daughter’s school they have fundraising boxes for students to put â€Å"Box Tops† cut outs from companies such as â€Å"Betty Crocker† and cereal brands. * Channel One: short news briefs are surrounded by commercials that children are forced to watch in schools. * Promotional licensing of products aimed at kids who will include media pitches, an example would be a brand of pagers that will include messages from MTV or a local radio station can text c onsented members of local events. * Logos on all types of merchandise, everywhere children go. *Show MoreRelatedThe Good and Bad Side of Advertising1657 Words   |  7 Pages Compare and Contrast the ‘Good’ and ‘Bad’ side of Advertising PLAN TITLE: Compare and contrast the ‘good’ side and ‘bad’ side of advertising. 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In the following essay, some of those unethical issues of McDonald being criticized will be analyzed based on the values-oriented framework, which refers to the AMA Statement of Ethics and ICC International Code of Advertising Practice. Successful marketing could seize the opportunity according to the need of the public, giving people what they wantRead MoreConsumerisum in the 1950s1198 Words   |  5 Pagesover the Cold War, threat of an evermore intrusive American government and loss of individualism existed as well. These high expectations and anxieties played a great deal into how people consumed. Eventually these factors combined with aggressive advertising marketing, with the help of media (mainly TV), led to the emergence of a whole new market, teenagers. In Roland Marchand s â€Å"Visions of Classlessness† and Kelly Schrum’s â€Å"Making the American Girl†, the authors discuss the factors such as, effectsRead MoreStakeholder Analysis : Business Analysis1384 Words   |  6 PagesXinyue Pan Kristen Foster CO150.402 15 October 2014 Stakeholder Analysis Essay Nowadays, the increasing number of companies decide to boost the investment of advertisements in order to propagandize the new products more effectively and efficiently. Munusamy and Wong argue that advertising has become one of the important elements in our modern life (Munusamy and Wong). According to the most recent forecast of US advertising spending, eMarketer expects US advertisers to spend $171.01 billion on paidRead MoreChocolate Advertising (Short)961 Words   |  4 Pages to target children and their doting parents. This can be tv adverts for the latest craze toy or the images in kids magazines. For this essay I will draw attention to the sale of chocolate. As with most children, mine have healthy appetites and a ‘sweet tooth . As with most parents, my wife and I like to please our children and have a quite life. But we also wish our children to be healthy and well fed. When I last went to purchase petrol at a filling station I took my two children. As I walkedRead MoreHow Advertising Is Not A Recent Human Discovery965 Words   |  4 PagesAdvertisement is not a recent human discovery, but rather it has been around for a very long time. In ancient civilizations, stone carving, wall-painting, and oral noticing were the most common forms of advertising. Egyptian Pharaohs used carved iron plates for public notices. For instance, archaeologists in Thebes, Egypt, discovered a 3000 year old public advertisement that offered a reward for a runaway slave. 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Deception Point Page 104 Free Essays

Where’s Michael? She didn’t see him. Her panic lasted only an instant as a new fear descended. Overhead, the Triton’s shredded winch cable let out an ominous whipping noise as the braids unraveled. We will write a custom essay sample on Deception Point Page 104 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Then, there was a loud snap, and Rachel felt the cable give way. Momentarily weightless, Rachel hovered above her seat inside the cockpit as the sub hurtled downward. The deck disappeared overhead, and the catwalks under the Goya raced by. The soldier trapped in the claws went white with fear, staring at Rachel as the sub accelerated downward. The fall seemed endless. When the sub crashed into the sea beneath the Goya, it plunged hard under the surf, ramming Rachel down hard into her seat. Her spine compressed as the illuminated ocean raced up over the dome. She felt a suffocating drag as the sub slowed to a stop underwater and then raced back toward the surface, bobbing up like a cork. The sharks hit instantly. From her front-row seat, Rachel sat frozen in place as the spectacle unfolded only a few feet away. Delta-Two felt the shark’s oblong head crash into him with unimaginable force. A razor sharp clamp tightened on his upper arm, slicing to the bone and locking on. A flash of white-hot pain exploded as the shark torqued its powerful body and shook its head violently, tearing Delta-Two’s arm off his body. Others sharks moved in. Knives stabbing at his legs. Torso. Neck. Delta-Two had no breath to scream in agony as the sharks ripped huge chunks of his body away. The last thing he saw was a crescent-shaped mouth, tilting sideways, a gorge of teeth clamping down across his face. The world went black. Inside the Triton, the thudding of heavy cartilaginous heads ramming into the dome finally subsided. Rachel opened her eyes. The man was gone. The water washing against the window was crimson. Badly battered, Rachel huddled in her chair, knees pulled to her chest. She could feel the sub moving. It was drifting on the current, scraping along the length of the Goya’s lower dive deck. She could feel it moving in another direction as well. Down. Outside, the distinctive gurgling of water into the ballast tanks grew louder. The ocean inched higher on the glass in front of her. I’m sinking! A jolt of terror shot through Rachel, and she was suddenly scrambling to her feet. Reaching overhead, she grabbed the hatch mechanism. If she could climb up on top of the sub, she still had time to jump onto the Goya’s dive deck. It was only a few feet away. I’ve got to get out! The hatch mechanism was clearly marked which way to turn it to open. She heaved. The hatch did not budge. She tried again. Nothing. The portal was jammed shut. Bent. As the fear rose in her blood like the sea around her, Rachel heaved one last time. The hatch did not move. The Triton sank a few inches deeper, bumping the Goya one last time before drifting out from underneath the mangled hull†¦ and into the open sea. 126 â€Å"Don’t do this,† Gabrielle begged the senator as he finished at the copy machine. â€Å"You’re risking your daughter’s life!† Sexton blocked out her voice, moving back to his desk now with ten identical stacks of photocopies. Each stack contained copies of the pages Rachel had faxed him, including her handwritten note claiming the meteorite was a fake and accusing NASA and the White House of trying to kill her. The most shocking media kits ever assembled, Sexton thought, as he began carefully inserting each stack into its own large, white linen envelope. Each envelope bore his name, office address, and senatorial seal. There would be no doubt where this incredible information had originated. The political scandal of the century, Sexton thought, and I will be the one to reveal it! Gabrielle was still pleading for Rachel’s safety, but Sexton heard only silence. As he assembled the envelopes, he was in his own private world. Every political career has a defining moment. This is mine. William Pickering’s phone message had warned that if Sexton went public, Rachel’s life would be in danger. Unfortunately for Rachel, Sexton also knew if he went public with proof of NASA’s fraud, that single act of boldness would land him in the White House with more decisiveness and political drama than ever before witnessed in American politics. Life is filled with difficult decisions, he thought. And winners are those who make them. Gabrielle Ashe had seen this look in Sexton’s eyes before. Blind ambition. She feared it. And with good reason, she now realized. Sexton was obviously prepared to risk his daughter in order to be the first to announce the NASA fraud. â€Å"Don’t you see you’ve already won?† Gabrielle demanded. â€Å"There’s no way Zach Herney and NASA will survive this scandal. No matter who makes it public! No matter when it comes out! Wait until you know Rachel is safe. Wait until you talk to Pickering!† Sexton was clearly no longer listening to her. Opening his desk drawer, he pulled out a foil sheet on which were affixed dozens of nickel-sized, self-adhesive wax seals with his initials on them. Gabrielle knew he usually used these for formal invitations, but he apparently thought a crimson wax seal would give each envelope an extra touch of drama. Peeling the circular seals off the foil, Sexton pressed one onto the pleat of each envelope, sealing it like a monogrammed epistle. Gabrielle’s heart pulsed now with a new anger. She thought of the digitized images of illegal checks in his computer. If she said anything, she knew he would just delete the evidence. â€Å"Don’t do this,† she said, â€Å"or I’ll go public about our affair.† Sexton laughed out loud as he affixed the wax seals. â€Å"Really? And you think they’ll believe you-a power-hungry aide denied a post in my administration and looking for revenge at any cost? I denied our involvement once, and the world believed me. I’ll simply deny it again.† â€Å"The White House has photos,† Gabrielle declared. Sexton did not even look up. â€Å"They don’t have photos. And even if they did, they’re meaningless.† He affixed the final wax seal. â€Å"I have immunity. These envelopes out-trump anything anyone could possibly throw at me.† Gabrielle knew he was right. She felt utterly helpless as Sexton admired his handiwork. On his desk sat ten elegant, white linen envelopes, each embossed with his name and address and secured with a crimson wax seal bearing his scripted initials. They looked like royal letters. Certainly kings had been crowned on account of less potent information. Sexton picked up the envelopes and prepared to leave. Gabrielle stepped over and blocked his way. â€Å"You’re making a mistake. This can wait.† Sexton’s eyes bored into her. â€Å"I made you, Gabrielle, and now I’ve unmade you.† â€Å"That fax from Rachel will give you the presidency. You owe her.† â€Å"I’ve given her plenty.† â€Å"What if something happens to her!† â€Å"Then she’ll cement my sympathy vote.† Gabrielle could not believe the thought had even crossed his mind, much less his lips. Disgusted, she reached for the phone. â€Å"I’m calling the White-â€Å" Sexton spun and slapped her hard across the face. Gabrielle staggered back, feeling her lip split open. She caught herself, grabbing on to the desk, staring up in astonishment at the man she had once worshiped. Sexton gave her a long, hard look. â€Å"If you so much as think of crossing me on this, I will make you regret it for the rest of your life.† He stood unflinching, clutching the stack of sealed envelopes under his arm. A harsh danger burned in his eyes. When Gabrielle exited the office building into the cold night air, her lip was still bleeding. She hailed a taxi and climbed in. Then, for the first time since she had come to Washington, Gabrielle Ashe broke down and cried. How to cite Deception Point Page 104, Essay examples

Accounting Strategic

Question: Discuss about theAccounting Strategic. Answer: Literature Review Introduction: Accounting software is the software that is developed by the engineers for maintaining accounting transaction within a period of time. I keep the records of the accounting information system. These systems are used in a home for the business purpose or it can be used in the organization where a huge transaction takes place. To keep accounting records daily is very hard so this software is used by the companies so that by the help of this software they can keep records daily without any problem and the workload will also be decreased and there will be less headache. There are many accounting packages used in Australia such as Intuit QuickBooks, MYOB, Reckon Saasu and Xero. This accounting software is mostly used in Australia. But among them, MYOB is mostly used and it is top rated software among all the software. MYOB provide tax accounting as well as service accounting packages. The company was founded by Christopher lee and his team. Data tech is the company who use to publish the s oftware in the market. When the companys software was running successful and they are getting a huge response. And later Data Tech changed their name to MYOB and listed the name on the Australian Stock Exchange. The company has developed subscription-based product and a browser based accounting product. And they have their own flagship on their products. In the 20089 the Archer capital bought MYOB. Later in 2011, the company sold MYOB to Bain Capital (Feller, 2007). Last year MYOB again became an independent software developing company and the name of the company was again listed on the Australian Stock Exchange. Development and Adoption The company has developed many accounting software for the banking system as well for the business system. As the company is a trustworthy company and many banks and business runs on the software developed by the MYOB. The software that is developed by MYOB is Payroll software, time billing software, data entry software, job costing software and much other software. The company has developed double-entry accounting system as it posts every transaction to the accounts which are connected to the software. This software helps to take care on the invoicing and it also helps in cash management. This software is used by the small business organization has it helps them to develop the business faster because this software provides bookkeeping function. In a small business organization, daily expenses should be recorded so that at the end one can calculate the profit of the business. So it is hard to keep every expense in the mind so they developed a bookkeeping software for the small busine ss organization. And this software so helps to generate the management reports and financial reports which include trial balance, balance sheet, and income statement. The company has adopted some business policy to develop the software of the company. They introduced cloud accounting services which are designed in such a way that made the business life easier (Khosrow-Pour, 2006). The company is playing a supportive role to many small business organizations. They are providing a free subscription for the 12 MONTH to the business organization so that they can settle their business. Their main aim is to encourage the development of the business organization in the Australia. Through a survey, it is stated that Australia is the easiest place to start up a business and this company is helping them to start so that they can have the right path to gain success in the market. Current Market Size of the Company The company invests huge revenue in the research and development to increase their market. The main rival of the company is Xero in the cloud product. Every year the client of the company increases to 10 percent. There is around six lakh paying users of the company and now this is increasing because of the introduction cloud accounting system. The company was running in a loss for the few periods of time but after the development of cloud accounting system the revenue has jumped from normal rate to extraordinary rate. The cloud accounting system has become very demanding in the market. In last few years, the company has invested a huge amount of money for the development of the cloud products. This cloud product helps MYOB to stay competitive with the products of XERO. MYOBs $833.1 million was the biggest technical company listing in the history of Australia Stock exchange (McLean, 2006). The company has gained support from the many business organization and they are staying with the company as they are doing a good business in the market and this trust from the small business organization helping them to look forward to the further investment. Leaders in the Market As in Australia, the business organization is changing all the system as they are introduced with desktop accounting software with cloud accounting system supported. Around 80% of the business organization in Australia has acquired this style of the accounting process. This accounting process is easier and easy to handle as well as it is not time-consuming. The main important thing of this accounting process is that from anywhere one can access data from any place. Xero is one of the famous accounting companies in Australia. This particular company is the main competitor of MYOB. The company develops cloud-based software and it aims to reduce the inefficiency in the process of accounting. To start the software the company has two type of scheme one with $25 per month which enables limited users and a standard plan of $50 which includes five team members and unlimited transactions, invoices and bills. On the other hand, MYOB is the post popular accounting software company in the Austr alia. This company deals with normal accounting products as well as cloud accounting product. This is the reason it is preferred by most Australia business organization. Since from early 80s this company is running and it has gained trust from the public. To start up MYOB essentials $29 is needed and to start MYOB Account right $49 is needed. As compare to XERO, MYOB provides much cheaper rate which attracts many clients. This business strategy is helping them to become the best among all the accounting software in Australia (Mlecnik, 2013). MYOB also provides more features in Account right software and it is only based on Australia. The software which is introduced by the company is user-friendly. These qualities help the companys growth in the market. Current Gaps and Challenges The MYOBs business has faced many challenges in this long period of time. So it is not possible to point out every challenge. To retain in this type of business the companies should have the ability to retain in the business and they should know how to attract the users to their system. The company has faced a challenge when they failed to increase the paying user base. This situation has taken place because the company at first does have proper cloud accounting system. At first, MYOB has failed to provide the client requirement as per cloud accounting process. On the other hand, they had invested a huge amount of money on the development of cloud accounting process. This problem increased the financial problem in the organization (Sheikh, 2013). Another main problem of the company is the current gaps. Due to the current gaps, the company has failed to improve its existing software which is running in the market. As the company is old they are failing in adapting the new technologies and changes. To overcome these issues the company has to hire high graded employees so that they can develop the software in a new way. And the company should make an investment in such a way so that they could earn revenue from the investment. As smartphones are introduced in the market it is easier to keep records on the phones. So the company has to think upon the market condition and should update the product in such a way the client will be satisfied (Ward and Peppard, 2002). They should build a user-friendly software will be in need for that period time. New thoughts and ideas are needed for the product development. References Feller, J. (2007). Open source development, adoption and innovation. New York: Sprigner. Khosrow-Pour, M. (2006). Cases on strategic information systems. Hershey PA: Idea Group Pub. McLean, G. (2006). Organization development. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Mlecnik, E. (2013). Innovation development for highly energy-efficient housing. Delft: Delft University Press, Imprint of IOS Press. Sheikh, N. (2013). Implementing analytics. Burlington: Elsevier Science. Strategic plan. (2004). [Pretoria?]: [Government Communication and Information System?]. Straub, D., Goodman, S. and Baskerville, R. (2008). Information security. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe. Ward, J. and Peppard, J. (2002). Strategic planning for information systems. Chichester, West Sussex, England: J. Wiley.

Reasons And Consequences Of The Fall Of The Dollar Essays

Reasons and Consequences of the Fall of the Dollar "Reasons and Consequences of the Fall of the Dollar" The value of the US Dollar has since the beginning of March this year fallen drastically. Economists and investors worldwide have tried to explain the cause of this all-time low of the American currency. The consequences of the fall are many and complicated. I will in the following outline the main reasons of the fall, and also try to state a few of the consequences. The first, most obvious reason for the fall, is Bill Clintons $20 billion plan to help Mexico's economy, which hasn't seemed to help at all. Investors' faith in the Dollar immediately diminished, and Dollars were put on the market in huge quantities, resulting in prices going down. The Mexico incident, is though, only the top of the iceberg. The Dollar has been decreasing since 1985. This trend has been a direct consequence of the Plaza agreement, which involved agreement between leading industrial countries to force the Dollar down. This, and the fact that the Americans always have had a problem with current account deficit, have had a negative effect on the Dollar. Another reason why the Dollar has had a steep negative gradient, is that USA has been supplying the market with more Dollars than demanded, naturally decreasing Dollar value. This trend has been a consequence of the pension and mutual fonds investing in overseas equities and bonds. The consequences of the last months fall, are many. One of the biggest, will be the increased US export. Foreign investors do not want to miss a chance like this one, so they buy American products, in Dollars, at bargain prices. Especially the Japanese have proven this prediction right. Furthermore, a quite serious consequence of the record-breaking low, is the crack of the European exchange-rate mechanism (ERM), which is beyond the scope of this paper *and my Knowledge) to explain. Important to the Deutch-mark, is the transfer in faith from the Dollar to the D-Mark, since the Dollar has proven itself untrustworthy. Many speculate, that the D-Mark now is going to be the new favorite currency of the world. The Dow Jones has been affected directly by the decrease of the Dollar. Peoples investment of money, has switched from currencies to stocks, thereby increasing the Dow Jones, reaching an all-time high yesterday. To the average consumer, the fall in the Dollar, has meant several changes. One is that German tourists can now pay 20% less in D-Mark for a hotel room in Florida. Another is that UK tourist have to pay relatively more to go to mainland Europe on vacation, as opposed to going to the States. An essential question now seems to be: What can be done? It seems that the States most likely have asked themselves this question, but aren't really dealing with the problem. The most obvious step towards raising the Dollar, would be increasing the interest rates, making the American market more interesting, for profit-seekers, but the interest rate have remained stable during the turbulence of the Dollar, showing that the States maybe are happy about the situation. One explanation is that the low Dollar (as mentioned) stimulates export. In my opinion, heavy measures should be taken to increase the value of the Dollar. During the fall, both the Yen and the Mark have gained strength, and seeing that there is not much chance the neither will fall, the Americans are digging their own grave by not dealing with the problem. It will be hard foreign, as well as domestic investors, to regain faith in the Dollar.

Use Of imagery And Sensory Impression In The Rime Of Ancient Mariner

Use Of imagery And Sensory Impression In The Rime Of Ancient Mariner Use of imagery as a stylistic device has well been elucidated in the Rime of ancient mariner by Coleridge. Coleridge has employed different imagery techniques to bring life to his work (Dean 47). He has employed use of metaphors in several instances (Coleridge 2). Similes, alliteration, assonance and consonance have also been given a place in his work. Coleridge has strived to utilize both descriptive and figurative language to invoke sensory imagination in the minds of the readers as well as breathe some air into his work.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Use Of imagery And Sensory Impression In ‘The Rime Of Ancient Mariner’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The above imagery techniques have been explored in every section and throughout the poem to energize the work and move beyond just a mere study of language. In part I, the first paragraph, the metaphor â€Å"By thy long grey beard and glittering eyeà ¢â‚¬  has been used by Coleridge† to create a visualization in the minds of the readers on the nature of the character’s eye and hair (Coleridge 1). Coleridge also tries to make the reader visualize the body of the character how he/she looks like and seek to form questions in their mind concerning the health of the person when he says â€Å"he holds â€Å"He holds him with his skinny hand† (3). Coleridge strives to bring in another new imagery device known as similes when he says â€Å"And listens like a three years child† (Coleridge 5). This explains the degree of attentiveness of the character. It also tries to breathe some life in the play. Moreover, the writer blows in new air in his work when he repeatedly use sound T in the following sentence â€Å"The Weddings of these devices are â€Å"And the good south wind still blew behind, the silence of the sea† (11). In addition, similes have also been applied in this part of the play â€Å"As id le as a painted ship†. Coleridge uses this device to bring out meaning of what he intends to communicate to the audience. It further makes the audience happy and proceeds to hear what the writer is communicating. Metaphor also comes up in this part, although it is not applied severally as the other two â€Å"Yea, slimy things did crawl with legs† (12). Coleridge further portrays more use of imagery in part III, he capitalizes on use of personification to enhance his language, bring taste to his work and fully describe the characters, scene and the setting as well as creating imagination in minds of the audience. This figure is well explicated than other stylistic devices in this part. However the writer uses similes, metaphor, consonance and assonance in this part to create more meaning to his work and activate audience to keep going and get more from the play. Example of this are simile, â€Å"And the balls like pulses bea†. Consonance repetition of sound B â₠¬Å"Her beams bemocked the sultry main† is also evident. Assonance repetition of sound O â€Å" sweet sounds rose slowly through their mouths† can be picked out. The author continues to navigate further on various imagery devices in part IV. In this part, he gives more attention on metaphors than other devices to give life to his work. This creates a vivid description of the characters and the scene hence making the audience have a clear visualization of the same. Example of this is â€Å"I fear thee and thy glittering eye† (Coleridge 15).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Use Of imagery And Sensory Impression In ‘The Rime Of Ancient Mariner’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Coleridge radiates more figurative language in part V of the play. He gives more emphasis on the use of similes and metaphors than other stylistic devices to describe the appearance of the character hence making the audience have a vivid picture of the character and the scene example of the similes. In this part is â€Å"They raised their limbs like lifeless tools† metaphors have also been used. More of these stylistic devices continue to be explored in part VI. The author uses similes, metaphor and consonance respectively to create a vivid description of the characters, â€Å"Still as a slave before his lord, His great bright eye most silently, sweetly, sweetly blew the breeze†. Coleridge has extensively used the five human senses to strike a balance of what he strives to communicate to his audience. He has mostly employed use of sight and hearing than touch, taste and smell to effectively enlighten the audience. In the Part 1 of the play he uses sight expansively to vividly describe the character, setting and the scene. He also uses the same to draw audience into his work as well as enable them to create extensive description and imagination of the plays and try to fictionalize the same. Example of the places where the sense has been applied is â€Å"By thy long grey beard and glittering eye, The Bridegrooms doors are opened wide, with sloping masts and dipping prow, Glimmered the white Moon of this is in part I, stanza eight of the play â€Å"The ship drove fast, loud roared the blast† part II, stanza seven â€Å"The silence of the sea† part III â€Å"With far of this part I, stanza 10 â€Å"And it grew wondrous cold†. The writer doesn’t make good use of taste and smell senses in his work as compared to the others. However, he endeavors to us an element of this to create feeling and imagination in the minds of the audience as well as successfully tailor his message. Example of this is in part V where he uses taste when he says â€Å"Sweet sounds rose slowly through their mouths† (Bloom 220).Advertising Looking for essay on british literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Coleridge seemed to adopt more application of visual sense in his work as compared to the other four. He has employed this style in every stanza of the play. Coleridge may have opted for the style as it seem to be the most effective in creating colorful description of the characters, scene and the setting. He also uses this to give a chance to the readers to picture the scene in detail. Bloom, Harold. Samuel Taylor Coleridge, New York: Infobase Publishing, 2010. Print. Coleridge, Samuel. The Rime of Ancient Mariner in Seven Parts, Middlesex: The Echo Library Publishers, 2007. Print. Dean, Nancy. Voice Lessons: Classroom Activities to teach Diction, Imagery, Syntax  and Tone, New York: Maupin House Publishing, 2000. Print.

Raoults Law Definition in Chemistry

Raoult's Law Definition in Chemistry Raoults law is a chemical law that relates the the vapor pressure of a  solution is dependent on the mole fraction of a solute added to solution.Raoults Law is expressed by the formula:Psolution ÃŽ §solventP0solventwherePsolution is the vapor pressure of the solutionÃŽ §solvent is mole fraction of the solventP0solvent is the vapor pressure of the pure solventIf more than one solute is added to the solution, each individual solvents component is added to the total pressure. Raoults law is akin to the ideal gas law, except for solution. The ideal gas law assumes ideal behavior in which the intermolecular forces between dissimilar molecules equals forces between similar molecules. Raoults law assumes the physical properties of the components of a chemical solution are identical. Deviations From Raoult's Law If there are adhesive or cohesive forces between two liquids, there will be deviations from Raoults law. There is negative deviation when the vapor pressure is lower than expected from the law. This occurs when forces between particles are stronger than those between particles in pure liquids. This behavior is observed in a mixture of chloroform and acetone. Here, hydrogen bonds cause the deviation. Another example of negative deviation is in a solution of hydrochloric acid and water. Positive deviation occurs when the cohesion between similar molecules exceeds adhesion between unlike molecules. The result is higher than expected vapor pressure. Both components of the mixture escape solution more readily than if the components were pure. This behavior is observed in mixtures of benzene and methanol and mixtures of chloroform and ethanol. Sources Raoult, F. M. (1886). Loi gà ©nà ©rale des tensions de vapeur des dissolvants (General law of vapor pressures of solvents), Comptes rendus, 104 : 1430-1433.Rock, Peter A. (1969). Chemical Thermodynamics. MacMillan. p.261 ISBN 1891389327.

Television is the worst invention of modern times Essay

Television is the worst invention of modern times - Essay Example In the modern offices, there are usually large screens where people can watch television as they take a rest after several hours of working. During lunch time, hotels have television for people to catch a glimpse of the lunch time news. In the evening after a long day of work, people either relax in social places or at home where they watch their favorite programs or live games such as football. Most of the free time for the families who can afford television as well as the energy to keep it running is spent watching shows. There are some television programs that are organized in form of episodes which are aired at a particular time in certain days of the week. They attract the attention of people who never like to miss a single episode. Family disagreements are known to have occurred as a result of preference of television programs and channels. This is because each channel has its own programs and episodes, and they try as much as possible to outdo each other in order for them to attract more viewers. There are incidences where it has turned out in to real violence for example when the children want to watch an episode while the father wants to watch football (Hilmes and Jacobs 2008 p 66). However, it is not always that families disagree because of television. It is also a source of contentment and relaxation. Many times the family is united through watching a particular favorite program for all. Under such circumstances, even if there were quarrels, they are usually forgotten for at least the time that the family will be viewing television (Sinha 2006 p 45). On the other hand, television is informative especially in regard to the events of national concern. People can see and listen to important people in the government, churches and many other leaders in the society on television. They also learn a lot concerning global events. It is a form of global networking in terms of information. People can learn the culture of others distributed

Higher Education and the Promotion of Health Essay

Higher Education and the Promotion of Health - Essay Example â€Å"Some illnesses are highly transmittable and can be passed on by touching an infected person or by getting in contact with the body fluids of the infected person† (Eddy, 1994). When the fluids of an infected person comes in contact with another the disease causing micro-organisms get transmitted to the other person. The other individual gets infected by the micro-organisms and becomes ill. Most of the causes of diseases are related directly to the environment where the individual lives or has visited. Environmental factors that cause diseases include the air that one breathes, food that one eats and the water than one drink. The air that one breathes may be contaminated by viruses that are airborne and may lead to the individual becoming ill. An example of an airborne disease is tuberculosis which is easily spread by air especially in crowded areas. Some individuals are allergic to specific foods, and if they take them by mistake, they become ill. Some diseases are waterborne, and if individuals take water that is contaminated they are a high risk of becoming ill. An example of a waterborne disease is cholera which greatly affects young children. Some diseases are caused by certain individual lifestyles such as eating habits. Eating foods that have high cholesterol levels and not engaging oneself in activities that help burn the cholesterol may lead to obesity and cardiac complications. Eating foods that have high sugar content may lead to high blood pressure and other related diseases. Some individuals have a lifestyle where they engage themselves in unprotected sex. Having unprotected sex is a very risky behavior as it makes one highly susceptible to contract sexually transmitted diseases and infections. Individuals who drink too much alcohol put themselves at a risk of getting a liver cirrhosis, and they need to reduce greatly or stop the intake of alcohol. â€Å"One needs to have a lifestyle that does not affect one’s health† (Naido

Sakuntala India Essay Example for Free

Sakuntala India Essay Kalidasas Sakuntala is the best-known Sanskrit drama, and widely considered a masterpiece. It is based on an episode from the Mahabharata (book 1, ch. 62-69), though Kalidasa takes significant liberties in his version. Widely translated there were no fewer than forty-six translations in twelve different languages in the century after Sir William Jones groundbreaking first translation (1789) alone, Dorothy Matilda Figueira notes in Translating the Orient new editions continue to appear regularly. Barbara Stoler Millers, published along with translations of Kalidasas two other dramas (and three explanatory essays) as Theater of Memory, appears to have become a standard version, and certainly the classroom text of choice (at least in the US); it also has the advantage of being relatively easy to find (which is not the case with most of the other translations). The eighty pages of essays, covering three different aspects of Kalidasa and Sanskrit drama, and the solid critical apparatus (though the actual notes are a bit thin), as well the fact that it makes the other two Kalidasa plays easily available, does make this an appealing edition. It is not, however, ideal. Millers translation is solid, with a few inspired touches, but it does not stand out among the competition. In addition, more supporting material, and more extensive notes focussed specifically on the play would have been welcome. Sakuntala is a play in seven acts. It begins with a remarkable Prologue, in which the director of the play briefly discusses the planned nights entertainment with the lead actress. Hes worried about impressing his learned audience, and tells her: I find no performance perfect until the critics are pleased; the better trained we are the more we doubt ourselves. (Critics with its newspaper-reviewer connotations is an unfortunate choice here; Kalidasa clearly only means hes worried about the opinion of this generally well-informed audience.) The actress manages to reassure him with a brief song: she is so utterly convincing and enrapturing that he forgets what play he wanted to put on (after just having  mentioned it moments before). Its a hard scene to pull of on the stage, but on the page it can convince, and its a stunning start to the play (and also sets the bar very high). The play proper then begins, with King Dusyanta on a hunting expedition. Hes going after an antelope, but a monk stops him, telling him the antelope belongs to the local hermitage: Your weapon should rescue victims, not destroy the innocent ! The king does as he is asked. Invited to the hermitage he looks around the grove, and comes across Sakuntala and two friends but he hides before they see him. Sakuntala is the daughter of the head sage, Kanva (who is away at the time), or so the king has been told. In fact, she is only the adopted daughter, and is actually the daughter of a royal sage and a celestial nymph (which is important, as the it wouldnt be appropriate for the king to be involved with a commoner). Sakuntala is coming into her own, and one of the first things the king sees is Sakuntala asking one of her friends to loosen the no longer quite form-fitting bark dress she is wearing. As the friend says: Blame your youth for swelling your breasts. (Ryder translates this much more successfully: You had better blame your own budding charms for that.) The king finally shows himself, but hes uncertain whether to reveal his true identity and pretends to be someone else. He finds out that Sakuntala would be an appropriate mate, but theres still a bit of romancing to do. He does, however, give her the ring of the title an embellishment of Kalidasas that isnt found in the original source-material, but that will allow the king to come of looking better than he originally did. The second act begins with a Shakespearean buffoons monologue: the character of the fool transposed to India. The king is by now completely smitten. As the buffoon notes: She must be delectable if youre so enticed. The king is indeed filled with enthusiasm but by the end of the act realises that the buffoon may let something about his passion slip back home at the palace, which might not go over so well, and so he tells him: I really feel no desire for the young ascetic Sakuntala. What do I share with a rustic girl reared among fawns, unskilled in love ? Dont mistake what I muttered in jest for the real truth, my friend ! The audience knows better, and in the third act their true feelings cant be hidden any longer though both the king and Sakuntala suffer for their passion before they can embrace each other: SAKUNTALA: I dont know your heart, but day and night for wanting you, love violently tortures my limbs, cruel man. KING: Love torments you, slender girl, but he completely consumes me daylight spares the lotus pond while it destroys the moon. The king wants to marry Sakuntala, but she is worried that the proposed rushed and secret marriage wouldnt be appropriate. Fulfillment of desire is fraught with obstacles, the king sighs. Sakuntala gives in but only off stage, in between scenes. When the fourth act opens the king has returned home, promising to send for Sakuntala later. Still enraptured, Sakuntala neglects her duties and is cursed by the angry sage Durvasas: the king wont remember who she is at least until he sees the ring of recollection. (In the original version of the story in the Mahabharata there is no curse or ring: the king is simply a cad: he remembers her well enough, but pretends not to.) But Sakuntala is sp swept away she doesnt even realise whats happened. Much of the fourth act is filled with the sweet sorrow of parting, as Sakuntala prepares to  leave the idyllic grove and the hermitage. Its all the more poignant because she is not aware of the terrible fate shes facing (while the audience knows exactly whats coming). In act five Sakuntala arrives at the kings court and doesnt get quite the welcome she expected. It should all be easy enough to clear up, even Sakuntala realises: this ring will revive your memory and remove your doubt. But, alas theres no ring on her finger ! It must have fallen off .. Sakuntala has other evidence, describing their meetings, but that isnt enough to convince the cursed king, and he continues to worry: Since its unclear whether Im deluded or she is speaking falsely should I risk abandoning a wife or being tainted by another mans ? Act six begins with more comic relief, as a fisherman is interrogated by the police about a ring he found the missing royal ring of recollection, of course. Now, finally, the king remembers. and he sets off to regain her. Sakuntala has by now given birth to a child, a boy who looks much like the king (and who should so the kings promise to Sakuntala long ago be his successor). But the king can barely believe that there is any hope left for him: learning the boys mothers name is Sakuntala he moans: But names can be the same. Even a name is a mirage a false hope to herald despair. But, finally, there is the happy reunion and ending. Much of the power of the play is as a character study of Sakuntala, as Kalidasa shows her in these different circumstances. Her love, her despair, her anger are all impressively displayed. Much of this and, indeed, the success of much of the rest of the play depends on the poetry of the play, and while there are some very successful bits, Millers translation does fall short. Sanskrit is a difficult language to translate in any case. The nominal compounds (similar to the German, except that they can be much more elaborate) pose a particular problem, and the Sanskrit verses with their own complex rules are also very difficult to convey. Miller knows her stuff, and the substance of the play is well-conveyed. But much goes  missing especially that sense of poetry. Some of the problems can be guessed at from the explanation she offers of the plays title in the notes (one of the few terms she explains at greater length): Sakuntala and the Ring of Recollection This is not a literal rendering of the Sanskrit compound Abhijnanasakuntala, whose exact form and meaning are controversial even among Sanskrit critics and commentators. The word abhijnana means recognition or recollection; it is used in the play to refer to the ring Dusyanta gives as a token to Sakuntala () A more exact translation of the title might be [The drama of] Sakuntala [remembered] through the ring of recollection, where the entire compound refers to the implied word nataka (drama),and a word like smrta (remembered) may be supplied according to a rule of Sanskrit grammar governing elision in compound verbs. Unfortunately, there are probably few words (and verses) in the text that dont warrant as much or more explanation. Miller goes for the grounded, straightforward approach, not rhyming the verses, for example (Ryder, on the other hand, imposes a rhyme on all the verses). Enough of the original comes through to get a decent sense of the plays qualities, but it rarely reaches the transcendent heights the original is reputed to have. A useful edition, with some decent supporting material (though more would have been welcome), it nevertheless isnt entirely satisfying. Return to top of the page

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Name: Job #: # of APPLIANCES ft ³ TOTAL # of BEDROOM1/2/3/4/5 ft ³ TOTAL Air Cond. / Window Lg. 20 0 Bed Waterbed Base 10 0 Air Cond. / Window Sm. 15 0 Bed, Bunk (Set 2) 70 0 Dehumidifier 5 0 Bed, King 70 0 Dishwasher 20 0 1 Bed, Queen 65 65 1 Dryer 11 11 Bed, Rollaway 20 0 Freezer, 10' or less 30 0 Bed, Single/Hollywood 40 0 Freezer, 11' to 15' 45 0 2 Bed, Std/Dbl./Full 60 120 Freezer, 16' or more 60 0 Book Box 6 0 Range, 20" Wide 10 0 Chair, Boudoir 10 0 Range, 30" Wide 15 0 2 Chair, Straight 5 10 Range, 36" Wide 30 0 Chaise Lounge 25 0 Refrig. 11 ft ³ or more 60 0 3 Chest of Drawers 25 75 Refrig. 7 to 10 ft ³ 45 0 Chest, Armoire 30 0 2 Refrig. 6 ft ³ or less 30 60 Chest, Batchelor 12 0 1 ShopVac 5 5 Chest, Cedar 15 0 Stackable Washer / Dryer 35 0 Day Bed / Captains Bed 50 0 1 Vacuum Cleaner 5 5 Dresser, Double 40 0 1 Washing Machine 25 25 Dresser, Single 30 0 # of DINING ft ³ Dresser, Triple 50 0 Baker's Rack 15 0 Dresser, Vanity 20 0 Bench, Harvest 10 0 Dresser/Vanity Bch 3 0 1 Buffet (Base) 30 30 Floor Lamp 3 0 Cabinet Corner 20 0 1 Futon 25 25 7 Dining Chair 5 35 3 Lamp 3 9 1 Dining Table 30 30 Mirror 6 0 Hutch (Top) 20 0 2 Night Table 5 10 2 Lamp 3 6 4 Picture 3 12 0 Mirror 6 0 Student Desk 15 0 0 Picture 3 0 3 Trunk 5 15 Tea Cart 10 0 1 Wardrobe Closet,LG 40 40 # of KITCHEN ft ³ 1 Wardrobe Closet,SM 20 20 Baker's Rack 15 0 # of NURSERY ft ³ Breakfast Suite, Chairs 5 0 Baby Carriage 4 0 1 Bread Maker 3 3 Bassinet 5 0 Breakfast Table 10 0 Bed, Youth 30 0 Chair, High 5 0 Chair, Child`s 3 0 High Chair 5 0 Changing Table 25 0 1 Ironing Board 2 2 Chest 12 0 Kitchen Cabinet 30 0 Chest, Toy 5 0 Lamp 3 0 Child`s Rocking Chair 3 0 Microwave Oven 5 0 Crib, Baby 10 0 Microwave Stand 10 0 Playpen 10 0 Mirror 6 0 Rocking Chair 7 0 3 Picture 3 9 Table, Child`s 5 0 Serving Cart 15 0 # of PORCH/OUTDOOR ft ³ 1 0 1 BBQ Grill, Large 10 10 Barstool 3 0 1 BBQ Grill, Small 2 2 1 Toaster Oven 1 1 Bird Bath 10 0 Utility Cabinet 10 0 3 Chair, Plastic 1 3 # of LIVING ROOM ft ³ Chairs, Aluminum 1 0 Bar, Portable 15 0 4 Chairs, Metal 3 12 Bench, Frsd/Piano 5 0 Chairs, Wood 5 0 Bookcase 20 0 Garden Hose & Tools 10 0 Bookshelves, Sect. 5 0 Glider or settee 20 0 Cabinet, Curio 10 0 1 Golf Clubs / Bag 8 8 Chair, Occasional 15 0 Ladder 6' Step 3 0 Chair, Overstuffed 25 0 Ladder, 8' Metal 2 0 Chair, Rocker 12 0 1 Ladder, Extension 8 8 Chair, Straight 5 0 Lawn Mover, Rider (HP) 35 0 Clock, Grandfather 20 0 1 Lawn Mower, Hand 5 5 Desk, Secretary 35 0 Lawn Mower, Power 15 0 Desk, SM/Winthrop 22 0 1 Leaf Blower 5 5 Fireplace Equip. 5 0 Outdoor Child Gym 20 0 Footstool 2 0 Outdoor Child Slide 10 0 Hall Tree Large 12 0 Outdoor Swings 30 0 Hall Tree Rack 2 0 Picnic Bench 5 0 Lamp, Floor/Pole 2 0 Picnic Table 20 0 Lg. Wicker Chair 4 0 Plastic Chair 1 0 Lg. Wicker Sofa 15 0 Roller, Lawn 15 0 Magazine Rack 2 0 Skis / Poles 8 0 Mirror 4 0 Snow Blower 15 0 Music Cabinet 10 0 Spreader, Lawn 2 0 Ottoman 5 0 Statue 0 Papasan Chair 4 0 1 Table, Large 4 4 Phone Stand 4 0 Table, Plastic 2 0 Piano, Baby Gr/Upr 70 0 Table, Small 2 0 Piano, Parlor Gr. 80 0 Trampolene 0 Piano, Spinet/Console 60 0 Umbrella 5 0 3 Picture 3 9 1 Wheelbarrow 8 8 1 Recliner 25 25 # of OFFICE/MISC ft ³ Room Divider 10 0 2 Dr File Cab. Dbl. Wide 20 0 Rugs, Lg. Roll/Pad 10 0 3 Drawer File Cab. 30 0 Rugs, Sm. Roll/Pad 3 0 3 Drawer File Cab. 30 0 Sm. Wicker Chair 2 0 3 Dr File Cab. Dbl. Wide 60 0 Sm. Wicker Sofa 10 0 4 Dr File Cab. Dbl. Wide 40 0 Sofa, Hide, 4 Cush. 60 0 Barbells lbs. 0 1 Sofa, Loveseat 35 35 Basket (Clothes) 5 0 Sofa, Sectional (per sec.) 30 0 1 Bicycle 5 5 1 Sofa, 3 Cushion 50 50 Bowling Ball/Bag 3 0 Table Lamps 3 0 Chairs, Folding 1 0 3 Tables, Coffee/End 5 15 1 Clothes Hamper 5 5 Tables, Drop/Occas 12 0 Cot, Folding 10 0 # of ELECTRONICS ft ³ 1 Desk, Office 30 30 Ceiling Fan 7 0 1 Exercise Machine 20 20 Chair 5 0 Exercycle 5 0 Computer Desk 20 0 Fan 5 0 1 Computer printer 5 5 Fern/Plant Stands 2 0 Copier 40 0 1 Filing Cab. 2 Drawers 10 10 1 DVD 3 3 Filing Cab. 4 Drawers 20 0 Entertainment Ctr. 20 0 Filing Cab.Crdbd 3 0 1 Fax 5 5 Footlockers 5 0 Floor Speaker 5 0 1 Heater, Gas/Electric 5 5

The Death of a Best Friend

The school hall was quiet. Everyone was silent with their heads bowed down. No one spoke,laughed, giggled or chatted. There was Just sorrow in the atmosphere. Few students could be heard sobbing while the rest Just sat stone dead in their seats. What had happened? What was the cause of this sad and eerie situation? Why did she do it? She had always been that cheerful bubbly girl that everyone loved. Her wide flashing smile could brighten up anyone's day. My thoughts were disrupted when the principal stood up at the podium to give a short speech. â€Å"Today , we all sit here in deep grief and sorrow.Our school has lost one of its brightest student. Her death was indeed shocking and unexpected. And it would be only respectful if we attended her funeral in SST Pewter's church this coming Sunday. The service starts at 9 in the morning and ends at 10. 30. We hope to see each and every one of you there. As for the school , we have made a small altar with candles and pictures of her by th e gym. Students can place flowers and cards of sympathy there. Deepest condolences from East High goes to the family' with that she stepped off the stage. The head prefect's speech brought many students to tears. My eyes felt misty and wet.We were than dismissed. As I walked along the school corridor towards the gymnasium,my thoughts traveled afar. I remembered my first day in East High. I was a newbie with no friends. People whispered when I walked pass by. The mean lads threw spitballs in my direction. No one sat with me during lunch hours. I would lock myself in the washroom cubicle with my tray of food with tears seeping from my eyes. I didn't have any friends. I always wondered what my flaws were. Was I fat? Did I have greasy hair? Or was it because I wasn't a size zero? But then one girl changed everything. She was a newbie too.I was sitting alone at the back of my Biology class. Mr. Trend was having a difficult time putting up with the students. The boys were running about an d the girls were gossiping. And there was me. The loner. It is amazing how a noisy situation changes into a sudden quiet one isn't it? Well that was what happened. Someone walked into class. A new face. She was a brunette with sparkly brown eyes. She wore simple clothing and flashed a wide grin as she walked into class. All eyes were on her as she handed Mr.. Trend a letter. â€Å"Class , we have a new student. Her name is Amanda Grey and she come all the way from Dallas , Texas.Do make her feel at home†. Amanda was given the choice to choose her seat. I noticed her eyes scanning the room and it fell on the empty seat beside me. She walked with confidence towards me and sat. â€Å"Hello , I'm Amanda. Nice to meet you† she said as she shook my hand. My mum had always taught me to greet people with proper manners so I shook her hand back and introduced myself too. All through class, I noticed many students stealing glances in our way. Some even had the nerve to walk up t o our table and tell Amanda that she had made the wrong choice by hosing me as her first friend and sitting right next to me.I had expected Amanda to agree with them and change seats but to my astonishment she stood up for me saying that it was her choice on the friends she made and no one had the right to choose for her. I had an instant liking towards Amanda. She became my new best lunch hours in the cafeteria. Amanda made new friends really fast because of her socially active character. Through her, I got to know people too and began conversing openly without being the old shy anti-social me. Amanda was my other half. I shared everything with her. She was someone I felt that I could open up to and not be afraid of being Judged.Once , she even caught me self harming and throwing up after meals. She took away my razors and made sure I stayed put after meals without going to the washroom. She told me I was beautiful in her eyes and by god's eyes. And I didn't have to be a size zero to be beautiful. She made me appreciate life and realize that there were people who actually cared for me and I wasn't alone. Not only was she great in giving advice, Amanda was a very brilliant girl. She excelled in the studies and always did well in her examinations. She helped me a lot in my studies and my grades which were failing eventually began to improve.My feet made a silent thudding sound as I turned the corner towards the gymnasium. There was quite a crowd around the altar. I stopped midway and stared ahead. My body trembled. And I realized I was alone. There wasn't a happy and Jolly Amanda beside me. The girl who changed my whole life in an instant had disappeared for good. She was never coming back. I approached the altar slowly sinking everything in. There were brightly lit candles around Manta's pictures and flowers were all over the altar. I knelt down ND stared at the pictures. The candles illuminated them with a soft glow.I looked down and pulled out a picture of m e and Amanda from my purse and laid it on the table. It was a picture of the very first time Amanda had a sleepover at my house. We watched a movie while snacking on caramel popcorn, baked cupcakes, did makeovers on each other and took loads of picture. That was the day Amanda had given me a tight hug and promised that she'll always be there for me no matter what. I tear rolled down my cheek. I wobbled slightly as I stood up. I turned away and walked out the school doors towards my home. The sky was a gloomy cast. Look , even the sky was upset about the loss.On Sunday , I remembered my mum shaking me and waking me up reminding me that it was time for the funeral. I wore one of my favorite suit which Amanda had told I looked good in. I took deep calm breaths. I wasn't prepared to see her for the last time before she went six feet under. My dad drove us to the church. There were a couple of students outside dressed in black. We alighted from the car and my mother laid a reassuring arm around my shoulders. We walked in. The place was filled with people and a part of me was happy knowing that Amanda was loved by many. We took a seat at the back.I noticed Manta's mother sitting by the coffin. Her face was blank and expressionless. I felt her. It felt as If I had lost a part of me when I heard the depressing news of Manta's sudden departure. The pastor began the ceremony by singing a few hymn's and citing reading a bible phrase. He went on with the sermon saying how God took the best people at times because he loved them more than we did. â€Å"But she took her own life† a little part of me whispered. â€Å"Why did God let her die when she had so much to live for? † My questions were left unanswered. Finally we came to the end of the ceremony.We were requested to pay our last respects. My heartbeat was racing. This was it. My one and only chance to bid farewell. I walked towards the coffin. Amanda lay in there with a peaceful look on her face. It didn' t look like someone who had committed that she would wake up laughing telling how she had franked everyone. But she didn't. I gently touched her hands. They were ice cold. I than unclasped the necklace around my neck and gently laid it in her coffin. It was my favorite necklace which Amanda really adored. â€Å"It's now yours to keep Amanda† I whispered.Goodbye and I love you† I said as I walked out the church. The sun was shining brightly and the sky was blue. It wasn't a gloomy day at all. The birds were chirping a sweet melody. I looked towards the sky and blinked back tears knowing that Amanda was in a better place. To be honest , Vie never thought of Amanda as a girl who had problems in life. She seemed happy and cheerful at all times. I guess she felt better keeping them to herself rather than burdening others with her problems. She was someone who liked to help others in life. I wish she had opened up and talked about her problems to me.It makes me feel that I wa sn't there for her when she needed me the most or when she was going through rough times. She had told me many times that death wasn't the solution for problems. Now it made me wonder why was it her solution to something. And there goes another unanswered question. A year passed. Soon the date of Manta's first death anniversary arrived. I walked on the soft cemetery grounds. Everything was peaceful and quiet. The grounds were well kept. I made my way towards Manta's grave. There it was. I knelt down beside it and stared at the tombstone. â€Å"l miss you† I said softly as I laid a hand on the cold hard tombstone.I laid the bouquet of roses I had specially made for Amanda on her grave and sat down right beside it. The memories came back. All the fun times with her. Amanda was like an angel sent by God to help me and taken away when her Job was done. I leaned back against the tomb. Some people might have found doing that plain scary. Knowing that your sitting on someone's grave and leaning on a tombstone. But what I felt was a warm feeling. I felt Manta's presence with me. Right beside me. After spending a few quiet minutes there I got up to leave. And to this day , I still don't know why she did it.

Effects of Alcoholic Drinks to College Students Essay

Although alcohol may give you a feeling of elation and aroused senses due to a lessening of inhibitions during the early stages of alcohol intoxication, alcohol is a depressant. It depresses the central nervous system—leading to slowed reactions, slurred speech, and ultimately, to unconsciousness. Alcohol progressively affects different brain areas. Alcohol first affects the part of the brain that controls inhibitions. When people lose their inhibitions, they may talk more, get rowdy, and do foolish things. After several drinks, they may feel â€Å"high,† but really, their nervous system is slowing down. Alcohol acts fast because it is not digested like food. Instead, it moves directly into the bloodstream from the stomach and small intestine. It takes a long time for alcohol’s effects to wear off—as it takes approximately one hour for the liver to process the alcohol in one drink. ALCOHOL’S DAMAGING EFFECTS ON THE BRAIN Difficulty walking, blurred vision, slurred speech, slowed reaction times, impaired memory: Clearly, alcohol affects the brain. Some of these impairments are detectable after only one or two drinks and quickly resolve when drinking stops. On the other hand, a person who drinks heavily over a long period of time may have brain deficits that persist well after he or she achieves sobriety. Exactly how alcohol affects the brain and the likelihood of reversing the impact of heavy drinking on the brain remain hot topics in alcohol research today. We do know that heavy drinking may have extensive and far–reaching effects on the brain, ranging from simple â€Å"slips† in memory to permanent and debilitating conditions that require lifetime custodial care. And even moderate drinking leads to short–term impairment, as shown by extensive research on the impact of drinking on driving. A number of factors influence how and to what extent alcohol affects the brain (1), including * how much and how often a person drinks; * the age at which he or she first began drinking, and how long he or she has been drinking; * the person’s age, level of education, gender, genetic background, and family history of alcoholism; * whether he or she is at risk as a result of prenatal alcohol exposure; and * his or her general health status. BLACKOUTS AND MEMORY LAPSES. Alcohol can produce detectable impairments in memory after only a few drinks and, as the amount of alcohol increases, so does the degree of impairment. Large quantities of alcohol, especially when consumed quickly and on an empty stomach, can produce a blackout, or an interval of time for which the intoxicated person cannot recall key details of events, or even entire events. Blackouts are much more common among social drinkers than previously assumed and should be viewed as a potential consequence of acute intoxication regardless of age or whether the drinker is clinically dependent on alcohol (2). White and colleagues (3) surveyed 772 college undergraduates about their experiences with blackouts and asked, â€Å"Have you ever awoken after a night of drinking not able to remember things that you did or places that you went? † Of the students who had ever consumed alcohol, 51 percent reported blacking out at some point in their lives, and 40 percent reported experiencing a blackout in the year before the survey. Of those who reported drinking in the 2 weeks before the survey, 9. 4 percent said they blacked out during that time. The students reported learning later that they had participated in a wide range of potentially dangerous events they could not remember, including vandalism, unprotected sex, and driving. Binge Drinking and Blackouts| †¢ Drinkers who experience blackouts typically drink too much and too quickly, which causes their blood alcohol levels to rise very rapidly. College students may be at particular risk for experiencing a blackout, as an alarming number of college students engage in binge drinking. Binge drinking, for a typical adult, is defined as consuming five or more drinks in about 2 hours for men, or four or more drinks for women. | ARE WOMEN MORE VULNERABLE TO ALCOHOL’S EFFECTS ON THE BRAIN? Women are more vulnerable than men to many of the medical consequences of alcohol use. For example, alcoholic women develop cirrhosis (5), alcohol–induced damage of the heart muscle (i. e. , cardiomyopathy) (6), and nerve damage (i. e. , peripheral neuropathy) (7) after fewer years of heavy drinking than do alcoholic men. Studies comparing men and women’s sensitivity to alcohol–induced brain damage, however, have not been as conclusive. Using imaging with computerized tomography, two studies (8,9) compared brain shrinkage, a common indicator of brain damage, in alcoholic men and women and reported that male and female alcoholics both showed significantly greater brain shrinkage than control subjects. Studies also showed that both men and women have similar learning and memory problems as a result of heavy drinking (10). The difference is that alcoholic women reported that they had been drinking excessively for only about half as long as the alcoholic men in these studies. This indicates that women’s brains, like their other organs, are more vulnerable to alcohol–induced damage than men’s (11). SUMMARY Alcoholics are not all alike. They experience different degrees of impairment, and the disease has different origins for different people. Consequently, researchers have not found conclusive evidence that any one variable is solely responsible for the brain deficits found in alcoholics. Characterizing what makes some alcoholics vulnerable to brain damage whereas others are not remains the subject of active research (34). The good news is that most alcoholics with cognitive impairment show at least some improvement in brain structure and functioning within a year of abstinence, though some people take much longer (35–37). Clinicians must consider a variety of treatment methods to help people stop drinking and to recover from alcohol–related brain impairments, and tailor these treatments to the individual patient. Advanced technology will have an important role in developing these therapies. Clinicians can use brain–imaging techniques to monitor the course and success of treatment, because imaging can reveal structural, functional, and biochemical changes in living patients over time. Promising new medications also are in the early stages of development, as researchers strive to design therapies that can help prevent alcohol’s harmful effects and promote the growth of new brain cells to take the place of those that have been damaged by alcohol.  ¦ As well as damaging their health, university students who drink too much alcohol may also be damaging their academic performance. Alcohol: The Benefits of Moderate Drinking Drinking alcohol in moderate amounts can have positive influences on physical and mental health. While alcohol is one of the most widely abused substances on the market, it is also one that features certain benefits for drinkers who consume it in safe amounts. For individuals who consume low levels of alcohol, benefits like reduced stress, increased cardiovascular health and decreased risk of developing type 2 diabetes offer a wealth of reasons for consumers to drink in moderation. Reduce Stress, Anxiety and Tension Research shows that the consumption of alcohol in moderate amounts can lead to certain psychological benefits. Low levels of alcohol can trigger stress reduction, easy feelings of anxiety and help consumers to reduce tension. In addition, low levels of alcohol consumption can also cause the consumer to feel more pleasant and relaxed. Studies on sleep show that people who drink in moderation get more sleep on average than do those who indulge in excess. These psychological effects of moderate drinking are positive ones that can be beneficial to the consumer. A Longer Life The positive psychological effects of drinking in moderation can be associated with the studies that show moderate drinkers tend to love longer than people who don’t drink at all or those who drink in excess. Studies from a number of different countries including China, the United States and England indicate that longevity is highest among groups of people who drink alcohol in moderation. Increased Cardiovascular Health Several studies have shown that drinking alcohol in moderation has a positive correlation with certain aspects of cardiovascular health. In particular, the risk of developing coronary artery disease is significantly lowered in conjunction with moderate consumption of alcohol. Another link between alcohol and cardiovascular health shows that moderate consumption of alcohol has a positive correlation with survivability in the event of a heart attack. Those who drink low levels of alcohol are more likely to live and less likely to experience another heart attack. Alcohol produces several positive effects on the body when consumed in low levels. For example, it increases levels of good cholesterol (HDL) and lowers levels of bad cholesterol (LDL). Alcohol also acts as a blood thinner once it enters the human body, much like common aspirin does. Thus, when consumed in moderation, it can reduce the likelihood of developing blood clots in arteries. Decreased Risk for Type 2 Diabetes While consuming alcohol in large quantities has been proven to put drinkers at a higher risk for developing type 2 diabetes, some studies show that drinking in moderation might have the opposite effect. The relationship between alcohol and type 2 diabetes is the focus of a great number of ongoing studies. Findings show, however, that moderate drinkers are less likely to develop type 2 diabetes than heavy drinkers. All of these health benefits associated with moderate drinking serve as an incentive for consumers to limit their levels of alcohol intake. Too much alcohol eliminates the health benefits described above. The best way to maximize on the health benefits of alcohol is to consume it in low levels. Negative Effects of Drinking Alcohol on Physical Fitness While occasional alcohol use may not have a major impact on physical activity, there is a clear link between sports, exercise and drinking alcohol. In fact, alcohol is the most widely used drug by athletes which is why alcohol related difficulties seem to be more common among those who exercise regularly. It is clear that drinking in excess can negatively influence exercise. Studies done to determine the influence that alcohol has on exercise Studies have shown that consuming alcohol has the following influence on exercise: *Diminishes the use of amino acids and glucose by the muscles of the skeleton *A detrimental influence on the supply of energy *An impairment in metabolism while exercising In addition, persuasive evidence implies that continual use of alcohol is connected with unfavorable effects on systems of the body and organs, including the liver, brain, heart and blood vessels. Exercising while under the influence of alcohol Drinking alcohol has a negative influence on motor skills, stamina and aerobic ability. Alcohol has the following effects on motor skills: *Delayed reaction time *A decrease in hand-eye coordination *Less precision and balance Alcohol has the following effects on strength training and short term athletic functioning: *A decline in athletic performance as a whole. *Decreased times in cycling and running *Weakened pumping power of the heart *Impaired temperature control while exercising *Weakening of grip strength *Decreased jump altitude *Lower 200 and 400-meter running performance *Becoming tired more quickly while participating in high-intensity workouts Alcohol has the following effects on aerobic performance: *Dehydration *Considerably diminished aerobic performance *Hindered 800 and 1500-meter running speeds *An increase in health risks after working out in hot atmospheres for an extended amount of time Working out with a hangover. A hangover is caused by a number of factors including, dehydration and toxicity from the alcohol. The symptoms include a gloomy mood and headache. Unfortunately, these side effects can cause a decline in athletic performance. Working out with a hangover has been shown to considerably decrease aerobic adequacy by as great as 11 percent. Long term effects that alcohol has on exercise performance Long term, heavy (more than two drinks each day) alcohol use can impair exercise in the following ways: *Hindering the cardiovascular reaction to exercise. *Cause nutritional deficits from changes in nutrient consumption, digestion and metabolism. *Cause muscle injury, wasting and feebleness in several muscles, including the heart. *Changing the body’s hormonal atmosphere It is also important to note that women might be more susceptible to the toxic results of alcohol on the heart. It is clear that drinking in excess can negatively influence exercise. Alcoholism is a growing problem in the United States and is even a problem in teenagers, too. Unfortunately, there are a variety of negative effects that are associated with the consumption of alcohol. While the negative effects can either be long term or short term, all of them start with the first drink of alcohol. Negative effects may not become apparent immediately, but as time goes on, the adverse effects of alcohol will become more and more noticeable and, in some cases, they can even lead to death. Diseases One of the negative effects that alcohol tends to have is the increased risk for multiple serious diseases. Increased consumption of alcohol can lead to serious medical problems such as cirrhosis of the liver, which often results in death. Infections, sleeping disorders and sexual dysfunctions can also be caused by consumption of alcohol. Recent studies have also shown that consumption of alcohol can actually raise the risk of certain cancers, including breast cancer, throat cancer and intestinal cancer. Consuming alcohol can be very serious and there are many grave negative effects that are caused by alcohol. Avoiding alcohol can help you avoid these adverse effects and perhaps even save your life.

Using the Spanish Verb Tratar

Using the Spanish Verb 'Tratar' It may not seem logical that the same Spanish verb might mean to try and to treat, but such is the case with tratar. Tratar is a fairly common verb that also has other meanings that dont seem particularly related. In general, though, the word has to do with dealing with a person, activity, or thing. Often, the meaning of tratar depends on the preposition that follows, although even that isnt always a sure guide. Perhaps more so than with most verbs, you need to rely on the context of the sentence to determine the meaning. Common Meanings of Tratar by Itself One of the most typical uses of tratar is to refer to treating someone or something in a specified way: Nos trataban como a animales y en ocasiones peor. (They treated us like animals and sometimes worse.)Siempre he estado en paz debido a la forma en que mi madre me tratà ³. (I have always been at peace because of the way my mother treated me.) ¡No me trates como a un nià ±o! (Dont treat me as a child!) More specifically, tratar is often used to refer to medical treatment. La enfermedad de Lyme se trata con antibià ³ticos. (Lymes disease is treated with antibiotics.)Los mà ©dicos van a tratar de detener la hemorragia con medicamentos. (The doctors are going use a treatment of stopping the hemorrhage with medications.)Trataron el dolor con morfina por casi una semana. (They treated the pain with morphine for almost a week.)El hospicio trata al paciente como a una persona en su totalidad. (A hospice treats the patient as a person in his or her totality.) Using Tratar With De When tratar is followed by the preposition de and an infinitive, it meant to try or attempt: Aquà ­ no tratamos de ganar mentes y corazones, porque es irrelevante. (Here we are not trying to win hearts and minds, because it is irrelevant.)Trate de nadar por lo menos una hora y quince minutos. (Try to swim at least an hour and 15 minutes.)Los participantes del estudio que fotografiaron sus alimentos perdieron ms peso que aquellos que simplemente trataron de comer ms sanamente. (The study participants who photographed their food lost more weight than those who simply tried to eat more healthily.)Tratarà © de esturiar todos los dà ­as que pueda excepto los lunes. (I will try to study every day I can except for Mondays.)Trata de ponerte en mis zapatos. (Try to put yourself in my shoes.) When the reflexive form tratarse is followed by de, it indicates the subject of something or what its about. Fahrenheit 451 trata de una sociedad totalitaria donde los libros estn prohibidos. (Fahrenheit 451 is about a totalitarian society where books are banned.)Se trata del coche de mi padre, doy una opinià ³n de primera mano. (On the subject of my fathers car, I am giving a firsthand opinion.) ¿De quà © trata? Whats it about?La vida se trata de contentamiento y gratitud. (Life is about contentment and gratitude.) Using Tratar With Con When either tratar or tratarse is followed by con, the preposition usually meaning with, it can refer to a relationship between two or more parties. Note that in some contexts, tratar con can instead me to treat with. Este cambio afectar la manera en que usted trata con su compaà ±Ãƒ ­a de telà ©fonos. (This change will affect the way you do business with your phone company.)Con respecto al amor, no me trato con gente mayor que yo. (When it comes to romance, I dont have relationships with people older than I am.)Sin embargo, muchas veces se tratà ³ con à ©l. (Nevertheless, I often had dealings with him.)Los compaà ±eros tratan con mucho respeto. (The companions treat each other with great respect.) Key Takeaways Tratar often means to treat, as in treating someone or something a certain way, or in providing medical treatment.Tratar de when followed an infinitive usually means to try or attempt.Tratarse de is used to indicate what something is about.

Advanced English Tense Review (ESL, EFL, TESL, TOEFL)

Advanced English Tense Review (ESL, EFL, TESL, TOEFL) Its back-to-school time. Before you or your students get down to studying the specifics of various grammar structures, it is a good idea to review the basic English tenses. If you are an advanced student, a review will help remind you of the tenses and also point out any weaknesses or insecurity that you may have. If you are an upper-level student but not yet aware of all the tenses, these exercises will make a good introduction to some of the important structures ahead. For an overview of conjugation in detail of all 12 tenses in English, use the tense tables for reference. Teachers can use theses guides on how to teach tenses for further activities and lesson plans in class The following exercises serve two purposes: Re-familiarization of standard tense names Tense conjugation practice The first exercise is very important as you may not remember exactly the names of the various tenses. This exercise will help you remember the names of the tenses. Once you have finished the first exercise, read the text through one more time to familiarize yourself with it completely. Go on to the next exercise that asks you to conjugate the verbs in the extract. You should be very familiar with the extract so you can concentrate on the correct conjugation. Notice how the tenses relate to each other in time. Remember that many verbs are conjugated based on how they relate to one another. Teachers can use these exercises in class by using the following lesson plan which includes the exercises in a format useful for the classroom. Tense Review Lesson Plan and Materials Here is the original text. Once you have finished, click on the exercise link to begin exercise one. John has always traveled a lot. In fact, he was only two years old when he first flew to the US. His mother is Italian and his father is American. John was born in France, but his parents had met in Cologne, Germany after they had been living there for five years. They met one day while Johns father was reading a book in the library and his mother sat down beside him. Anyway, John travels a lot because his parents also travel a lot. As a matter of fact, John is visiting his parents in France at the moment. He lives in New York now, but has been visiting his parents for the past few weeks. He really enjoys living in New York, but he also loves coming to visit his parents at least once a year. This year he has flown over 50,000 miles for his job. He has been working for Jackson Co. for almost two years now. Hes pretty sure that hell be working for them next year as well. His job requires a lot of travel. In fact, by the end of this year, hell have traveled over 120,000 miles! His next journey will be to Australia. He really doesnt like going to Australia because it is so far. This time he is going to fly from Paris after a meeting with the companys French partner. Hell have been sitting for over 18 hours by the time he arrives! John was talking with his parents earlier this evening when his girlfriend from New York telephoned to let him know that Jackson Co. had decided to merge with a company in Australia. The two companies had been negotiating for the past month, so it really wasnt much of a surprise. Of course, this means that John will have to catch the next plane back to New York. Hell be meeting with his boss at this time tomorrow. Follow the links to begin the exercise: Exercise One: Tense Identification Exercise Two: Tense Conjugation

The risks associated with ionising radiation in medical imaging Assignment

The risks associated with ionising radiation in medical imaging practice, and the precautions required to protect aginst them - Assignment Example Due to the in effective training and inadequate awareness given to the staff as well as the patients they are exposed to more unnecessary radiation (Koenig et al 2001). Ionizing radiation is used in applications such as medical imaging in the hospitals and to perform diagnostic imaging. In the medical imaging, the most common forms of the ionizing radiations are the gamma rays and the x-rays. These medical imaging practices are important in the medical field because of the determination of the diseases and different injuries in the human body. However, aside from these benefits and life saving tool, these ionizing radiations has certain limits and conditions to be applied on the patients and people. The reason for this is due to the fact that high doses of these ionizing radiations are responsible for the formation of cancers. The ionizing radiation in the medical imaging is found to be one of the most important discoveries of the medical science. Even with the use of the new technol ogy, the equipments are highly capable of posing high radiation doses if the treatment procedure is not well maintained and followed (ICRP 2000). Whereas there is a strong debate going that the usage of these ionizing radiations may cause genetic mutations and cancers. As it is well known that there is no such dose below which there is no risk of any harm to the exposed one or a zero risk (ICRP 1990). So it is important to avoid the exposure to these ionizing radiations but how can this be possible. Of course someone that needs medical attention and for different diagnosis, one has to go through these treatments, but on the first hand the primary cure is to improve the life styles and the determinants that may cause the health damage to be improved. Below is the typical effective dose from x-ray radiation. Exam Effective Dose mSv (mrem)1 Chest (LAT) 0.04 (4) Chest (AP) 0.02 (2) Skull (AP) 0.03 (3) Skull (Lat) 0.01 (1) Pelvis (AP) 0.7 (70) Thoracic Spine (AP) 0.4 (40) Lumbar Spine (A P) 0.7 (70) Exam Effective Dose mSv (mrem)2 Mammogram (four views) 0.7 (70) Dental (lateral) 0.02 (2) Dental (panoramic) 0.09 (9) DEXA (whole body) 0.0004 (0.04) Hip 0.8 (80) Hand or Foot 0.005 (0.5) Abdomen 1.2 (120) By improving our health status and also improving our physical mental and social states, we can avoid these threats even at the first place to be exposed by such ionizing radiations even for the diagnosis. However the main concern regarding the ionizing radiation is the induced cancer among the young children from the CT scans. As the young children are more susceptible to get the cancer as compared to the elders, so the more controlled experiments and discoveries are to be made in order to avoid this risk of more cancer due to these ionizing radiations. But another debate that why the need for these medical imaging are increasing day by day even with the more sophisticated technology and new era of research, does that means that science failed to improve the health st atus of the world’s population even with the advancement. The answer could be controversial as the health is comprehensive phenomena and does not depend on one facto but many. So there is a need to improve the

Life Since Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Life Since Class - Essay Example German cockroaches go through three distinct phases in their life cycle, namely, egg, nymph and adult (Piper and Antonelli). Cockroaches molt about 12-15 times during the nymph stage of their development. German cockroaches are especially difficult to get rid of because they reproduce quickly, having about four full generations in one year. They also have a habit of protecting their egg sacks better than other cockroaches. This leads to lower mortality rates for newly hatched cockroaches. Cockroaches are rarely studied for their beauty or cuddly nature. Most research that features cockroaches soon has suggestions on how to get rid of them if they are in your house. There are many different solutions that are commercially available. The most effective appears to be poisoned bait that can be applied to areas of infestation. This coupled with boric acid powder applied to cracks and hiding places will often be effective. This is especially true if the cockroaches are deprived of hiding areas, food and water. Prevention of reproduction by depriving the insects of food and water is key to eliminating these insects from your home. Piper, G. L., and A. L. Antonelli. "Cockroaches: Identification, Biology and Control." Cooperative Extension Washington State University. Washington State University. Web. 7 Nov. 2011.

How do we come to believe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How do we come to believe - Essay Example is not everyone who might have benefited from such knowledge, knew everything that they might have needed to know inorder to believe.For instance,in market economics the theory of the equilibrium was quite widespread but with a completely indifferent view.The theory assumed that,the appropriate pricing in the market place was predicated upon how fast the diffusion of knowledge about the true values of goods and services took place.This view presently might come under fire,as generally faulty by observation of the facts,and to some extent a major cause of the present economic down-turn. Going by the limitations sometimes associated with communications,aggravated further by human factors of resistance to change especially by die-hard supporters of partisan consensus;it took quite a considerable time for a mainstream consensus to come into the fore,bearing a new kind of scientific knowledge that was effectively designed to account as data for empirical evidence.In philosophy, Epistemology is concerned with the nature,scope and limitations of knowledge.But knowledge depended in part on the availability of facts and ideas.Therefore,as a matter of principle in these present times,the readily available and huge numbers of facts and non-facts on the Web,has created the capacity to alter the whole epistemology of Science.Therefore a well researched review able to synthesis a voluminous body of existing facts with the aim of creating a new knowledge ( hypothesis),contains knowledge of greater value as a contribution to Scientific literature in the sense that it adds more pr imary fact(Jones 111). On religion and religious beliefs,Roy Clouser argues that ‘every religious tradition considers something or other as divine and that all of them have a common denominator in the status of the divinity itself’.In spite of many religions disagreeing on what is divine,they however all agree on what it means to be divine.The divine is whatever is unconditionally and nondependently

Decision Making Processes in Firm Partnerships: Case Study

Decision Making Processes in Firm Partnerships: Case Study Summary of Case Charles Tollison was in the middle of an audit engagement when his managing partner told Charles that he was passed on for the promotion to and audit partner. This was not the first time that he had failed to be promoted to audit partner while at his firm. Charles has very little faith when his managing partner, Linton, said, promised that the following year he would vigorously campaign for Tollisons promotion and call in all the favors owed to him (Knapp, 2014). He was already passed on the position twice and had little faith he would ever get the position. One option Tollison had was to have a permanent position as senior manager with his current employer. The case states that Tollison was easily counted on to answer the more difficult issues that came across his department. One thing that Tollison was not good at was obtaining new clients for the firm. This seems to be a key factor of why Tollison was not promoted this year or even ever. Charles Tollison Qualifications of Partnership Position The methodology of determining if an accountant is qualified for a partnership depends on the firms way of evaluating the accountant. The methodology may be based on quality of work, ability to obtain new clients, or even have a specialized knowledge. The decision will also depend on what the firm needs at that point in time. These decisions are not always fair and the wrong person might be promoted. It seemed that Charles does have excellent quality work and he seems like the go to guy for difficult issues. I do not think personally that he was fully qualified for a partnership position. Quality of work is not the only quality that should be looked at when promoting someone to a partner. Tollisons Firm Fairness is not always possible in all situations, especially in situations where there are limited resources. In this case, the lack of promotion is unfortunate but I dont think unfair. I dont think he had all the qualities needed for this particular firm needed at that point in time. He seemed to be the go to guy for difficult issues that other people couldnt figure out. If he was promoted to a partner he would likely not be able to take on these difficult issues and not help the firm as much as a partner rather than a manager. Yes, it might seem unfair not to get promoted but you also have to think about what is best for the company over all. Evaluation Individuals for Promotion Some criteria that should be looked at when evaluating potential partners is quality of work, ability to obtain new clients, specialized knowledge, interpersonal skills, dedication and commitment to the firm, integrity, ethical behavior, success with difficult assignments, and professional reputation. In my opinion, larger firms main motivation is revenue and how partners can generate revenue with getting new client. I know my boss has told me stories about his friends at bigger Public CPA firms having a requirement to get a certain dollar amount of new revenue by obtaining new clients. If they did not reach this level or new revenue they would be terminated as a partner. To me this is obserb, I know I am not a sales person nor would I want to spend my time finding new clients. I would rather review audits and train the people under me to be good auditors. I think smaller firms would more likely look at dedication to the firm and maybe interpersonal skills. I am sure it is hard for a smaller firm to have constant partner changes so they would look for someone who would be there for the long run. Advantages and Disadvantages of Up or Out Supporters of the up or out promotion policy highlights the vitality created within an organization. Members of the organization are under constant pressure to innovate and improve on an ongoing basis. In theory, this pressure drives people to be better and in turn making the organization better. People who are against up or out promotion policy point out that the self-preservation and competition that up or out policy creates is not always in the best interest of the firm or their clients. That kind of policy may bring in employees that are only focused on the short term and may inadvertently force out employees with valuable skill sets that are important to the firm. I do not think that instilling fear into your employees is the best approach to improve themselves or improve the company.