Customer Service Operation and excellence (Scenario Based Project Essay

Customer Service Operation and excellence (Scenario Based Project Report) - Essay pillowcaseIt is therefore important that the management of academic libraries understand that successful emolument organisations like successful product oriented firms, must understand the way the customer goes ab prohibited making a decision to purchase a service, how quality is evaluated, and in what ways a company can present a derivative instrument advantage relative to the competition (Berkowitz et al. 1997, p. 352). According to Quinn (2007) in recent times the educational community, generally and the library profession in particular have displace increasing emphasis on the service quality model. This model has customer satisfaction as its primary objective as traditional measures of academic library quality such as collection size becomes secondary. In assessing service quality the customer compares expectations about the service offered to actual experience with the service. Gap outline i s a tool that is used to identify the differences (gap) between what is expect and what is experienced. According to Berkowitz et al (1997, p.353) this type of analysis requires consumers to assess their expectations and experiences on dimensions of service quality as described in the table that follows. Dimension Definition Reliability Ability to perform the promised service dependably and accurately. Tangibles Appearance of physical facilities, equipment, personnel and communication materials. responsiveness Willingness to assist customers and get out prompt and efficient service Assurance Knowledge and courtesy of employee and their ability to convey trust and confidence to customers Empathy Caring, individualised attention that is hand overd to customers. shelve 1 Dimensions of Service Quality Adapted from Marketing 5th Edition Berkowitz et al (1997, p. 353) Dimensions of service Quality in Academic Libraries In the context of service quality and customer satisfaction, of i mportance, is the need to look at the service that the library provides in order to see how it can fulfil expectations. The role of the library is to provide resource materials for its customers. But, who exactly are these customers? They are students, administrators, faculty members and the general public. Reliability In terms of reliability the library must be able to provide the student with a book, journal or other resource material which bequeath enable the completion of a required task. While the librarian is expected to provide the service in a timely manner, there is the need for the student to exercise some skills in how to access required materials to carry out his or her role. The librarian however, is available to provide some guidance but the student independence is of extreme importance in the development of worthwhile skills which will be required in the future. The student or faculty member will need, at some point in time, the necessary guidance from the librarian, who have got the necessary skills and experience, and who will be able to provide information and resources that will be useful in carrying out the required task in a timely manner. Tangibles While the aesthetics of the environment is of extreme importance, it is not very important in a non-profit making environment as it is in a profit making organisation. However, the library as a facility for research and a learning environment should provide a measure of relaxation and powderpuff that is conducive to studying. The emphasis is on providing an environment that will allow for the

Assignment Bachelor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Assignment Bachelor - Essay ExampleMore to that, law develops out procedures on how things should be done, who should be involved and so on and these procedures apply to all people who are governed by that law. Moving away from the basics, this paper shall be control by questions regarding the Australian legal system so that a clear understanding of the various implications of their legal system is demonstrated.Do common law, the taps and the doctrine of Precededent report to serve the useful function in the regulation of business conduct and the resolution of business disputes Alternatively, should all business resolution be subject to economyThe Australian court system is similar to that of Britain as it was a British colony. It mainly uses the common law and the statute. The statute is made by the legislation while the common law complys the doctrine of precedence which is borrowed from a Latin phrase stare decisis which translates to the decision says or simply the rule ma de by precedent judges. The doctrine of precedence is not constituted so much on the ideal decision made but rather the principles that guided the arrival to that decision. (Gilford and Gilfford, 1983,p5). As pointed out, not all law follows precedence and this is where statute law comes in. legislation allows for codification so that common law may be altered to set new precedence and also suit with the current needs of the community. The Australian court system is categorized into 3 distinct courts namely the high court (supreme courts) the county courts and the magistrate courts. The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land and has jurisdictions to listen to miscues of appeal and also handle cases of high profile say constitutional challenges and interpretation. The magistrate courts are the last(a) courts and handle civil and criminal cases of lighter nature. Given the fact that the doctrine of precedence prevails in the Australian court system, the magistrate and disti nct courts are bound to follow rulings of the higher court where two cases are similar in fact and circumstance. This means that a lower court cannot be able to overrule precedence. On the other hand, the high court has the jurisdiction to overhaul previous precedence if it feels that it is outdated and therefore set new precedence. Common law has its strengths and weaknesses. For example, it has the advantage of desktop a pattern of handling disputes hence one may be in a position to predetermine a court ruling rightful(prenominal) by studying previous rulings. As noted, any law should have consistency and common law provides for this. In the instance where no similar case has been handled before, common law gives room to set precedence. It also assists judges arrive at a decision faster and hence save time and bring on sound mind since previous reasoning used by judges is at the center of common law. Common law has played a major role in maintaining regulation of business cond uct through setting out remedies to business misconduct, negligence and damages and as such has acted as a deterrent to stop individuals from repeating similar mistakes. Legislation plays a pertinent role in business resolution to disputes and perhaps should always be the footing upon which remedies are found. However, not all

High School Graduation Ceremony Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

High School Graduation Ceremony - Essay ExampleIt could never go for brought more joy to my family and me as it marked a great step in my academic and social life. This is mainly because, I was going to process to my succeeding(prenominal) level of education, and this would mean a lot especially to my parents who were eager to see me complete my education in a successful manner. To me, it meant relieving myself of some academic vehemence as I set my eyes on college education. On the other hand, it was a turning point in my social life in umteen aspects mainly because I was going to change my learning environment. This is especially what excited meowing to the numerous enticing stories I had heard concerning juicyer education. Due to enthusiasm somewhat completing my high school education, I together with my parents planned appropriately to ensure that the graduation ceremony was a success. This was particularly so because I was in the process of transition to new levels of acad emic engagements and, therefore, I had to bid farewell to the high school life together with my friends. Concerning my social life, I had great anticipations that high school graduation was going to be the turning point by influencing the kinds of friends I was going to make in my future life. Although I had good friends in high school, I was very anxious on that day because I was sure that I was going to make even more friends and perhaps understand my relationships to the next level. In this respect, I vividly remember talking with friends about the kind of life and friends that we were to expect once we would be enrolled for colleges. Since I was leaving my friends in order to go and make new friends, I had to make the day memorable by inviting friends and families. What particularly motivated me was the fact that I would miss about of my friends whereby I was going to meet strangers and make new friends. Thus, the social aspect of my graduation ceremony was a real factor to re ckon with. In the to a higher place regards, my graduation ceremony was a colorful one thanks to many friends and relatives who gave a helping hand in the planning and organizing parts.

The Factors That Affect Apple Brand Strategy Essay

The Factors That Affect Apple Brand Strategy - Essay ExampleThe paper leave alone therefore throw light on the Research Questions and Hypotheses as formulated by an author, based on which entire research process is conducted. The next sections will be about Literature Review in which contributions of theorists will be critically reviewed. The research moves on with a Case Study on Apple incorporation after which the author will discuss appropriate findings and analyze the scope of Research Questions. Finally, the paper will discuss Research Limitations, Suggestions / Recommendations to strategic planners of Apple bon ton and will end this research project by providing conclusions, which will be drawn from the current use of brand strategies, their scope, and workability in future. This last section will also discuss if any advancements may take place in branding and marketing of consumer products because of digitalization, universalization, and internationalization in upcoming ye ars.The globalization of world in the 1990s after the advent of internet followed by advancements and developments in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has created unlimited business opportunities for people across the globe. Indeed, the trade among nations has increase drastically in last two decades because of availability of better communication and networking infrastructure that in turn facilitates profit-maximizing enterprises to initiate new ventures in domestic and foreign markets. In addition, the international community has also opted to eliminate barriers to trade and commerce through international agreements such as GATT, NAFTA (North American Free look at Agreement) and WTO (World Trade Organisation). Indeed, these free trade agreements and rationalization of custom and import duties were an attempt to create new employment for citizens and provide maximum investment opportunities to their businesses.

American Middle Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American Middle Class - Essay ExampleProgressive ideas motto the transformation of a study sector of the American economy. The presidents who were elected during this period were progressive. Progressive idea was to transform and advance major sectors of America in terms of technology, high level of education, wiping reveal corruption and revival of infrastructure. This paper seeks to discuss the impact of industrialization on America middle class in the last half of the 19th ascorbic acid (1865-1915). After maintenance of relative stability, people from Caribbeans, Latin America, and West Indies migrated to America to seek new position and offered their expertise. Moreover, European immigrants offered expertise for agricultural and industrial expansion. Consequently, there was rapid economic growth in all sectors of America economy mostly in the north and the west. This also saw an increase in income of the American middle class. Relative peace was also achieved in the southern part after the defeat and failure of the secessionist movement. The American middle class had an opportunity to iron out corruption as a majority joined the progressive party (McGeehan and Gall 121). industrial enterprise was of significance to the United States of America. It was generally referred to, as industrial revolution. Industrialization in America was change from homemade production to the technological use of machine and industry dependence. The most important trick in America was the invention of the weaving and spinning machine. Initially, the machine was operated on water but later invention of steam led to its replacement. Americas growth rate change significantly to same level as its competitors such as Britain. This led to transformation of America from a small economy into a modern urban industrial state. At the same time, there was a significant transformation of American society specially the middle class (Hillstrom and Laurie 111-118). Before the rise of t he industrial revolution in America, Britain was the major producer and supplier of manufactured goods. However, late 19th century and early 20th century saw the emergence of America. In the late 1800s, America became a major producer and supplier of manufactured goods overcoming Britain. New sources of market were available, hence, easy supply to new areas. More importantly, America is a country endowed with great natural resources. Therefore, America did not rely on any country for supply of raw materials for its industries like other countries that were handout through industrial revolution at the period. The major raw materials that existed and still exist in America are coal, iron ore, copper, lead, timber, and oil. Coal was significantly utilise in provision of energy for the industries. Moreover, there was abundant and cheap supply of labor. The period between 1865 and 1900 saw a high migration of people to America especially Europeans, West Indies, Caribbeans and Latin Ame ricans. High population of immigrants looking for industrial jobs made labor cheap and hence industries made huge profit. Additionally, this period saw the emergence of America middle class. There was improved income and high amount of wage. Consequently, this provided capital for expansion of America business. This provided a large group of consumers of manufactured goods. The phylogenesis of new technology ensured that the cost of productivity was low,

John Dewey Essay Example for Free

John Dewey EssaySynopsisJohn Dewey was born October 20, 1859, in Burlington, Vermont. He taught at universities from 1884 to 1930. An academic philosopher and proponent of educational reform, in 1894 Dewey started an experimental elementary school. In 1919 he cofounded The reinvigorated School for Social Research. Dewey published over 1,000 pieces of writings during his lifetime. He died June 1, 1952, in New York, New York Early LifeJohn Dewey was born on October 20, 1859, to Archibald Dewey and Lucina Artemisia Rich in Burlington, Vermont. He was the third of the couples quaternity sons, one of whom died as an infant. Deweys mother, the daughter of a wealthy farmer, was a devout Calvinist. His father, a merchant, left his grocery business to become a due north Army soldier in the Civil War. John Deweys father was known to share his passion for British literature with his offspring. After the war, Archibald became the proprietor of a successful tobacco shop, affording the fam ily a comfortable life and financial stability.Teaching CareerThe autumn after Dewey graduated, his cousin landed him a teaching transaction at a seminary in Oil City, Pennsylvania. Two years later, Dewey lost the position when his cousin resigned as principal of the seminary.After being laid off, Dewey went support to Vermont and started teaching at a private school in Vermont. During his free time, he read philosophical treatises and discussed them with his former teacher, Torrey. As his fascination with the topic grew, Dewey intractable to take a break from teaching in order to study school of thought and psychology at Johns Hopkins. George Sylvester Morris and G. Stanley Hall were among the teachers there who influenced Dewey most.Upon receiving his doctorate from Johns Hopkins in 1884, Dewey was chartered as an assistant professor at the University of Michigan. At Michigan he met Harriet Alice Chipman, and the two married in 1886. Over the course of their marriage, they wou ld give birth to half dozen children and adopt one child. PhilosophyDeweys philosophical treatises were at first inspired by his reading of philosopher and psychologist William James writing. Deweys philosophy, known as experimentalism, or instrumentalism, largely centered on human experience. Rejecting the more rigid ideas of Transcendentalism to which Dewey had been exposed in academia, it viewed ideas as tools for experimenting, with the object of improving the human experience.Deweys philosophy also claimed than man behaved out of habit and that change often led to unexpected outcomes. As man struggled to understand the results of change, he was forced to think creatively in order to resume control of his shifting environment. For Dewey, thought was the means through which man came to understand and connect with the world around him. A ecumenic education was the key to teaching people how to abandon their habits and think creatively.Education ReformJohn Dewey was a strong pro ponent for progressive educational reform. He believed that education should be based on the principle of learning through doing.In 1894 Dewey and his wife Harriet started their own experimental primary school, the University Elementary School, at the University of Chicago. His goal was to test his educational theories, but Dewey resigned when the university president fired Harriet.WritingDewey wrote his first two books, Psychology (1887) and Leibnizs New Essays Concerning the Human Understanding (1888), when he was working(a) at the University of Michigan. Over the course of his lifetime, Dewey published more than 1,000 works, including essays, articles and books. His writing covered a broad range of topics psychology, philosophy, educational theory, culture, religion and politics. Through his articles in The New Republic, he established himself as one of the most highly regarded social commentators of his day. Dewey continued to write prolifically up until his death.Later Life an d DeathIn 1946, Dewey, hence 87, remarried to a widow named Roberta Grant. Following their marriage, the Deweys lived off of Robertas inheritance and Johns book royalties. On June 1, 1952, John Dewey, a lifelong supporter of educational reform and defender of rights for everyman, died of pneumonia at the age of 92 in the couples New York City apartment.

Most Violated School Policies Essay Example for Free

Most Violated School Policies EssayThe formation of character is one of the virtually pregnant features of the educational musical arrangement at the University of Baguio. For this reason, the imposed hold in, piece of music observant to the rights and feelings of opposites, is firm, especi everyy when the reputation of the student body and institution is at stake. Students atomic pattern 18 expected to manifest both deep down and outside the University, the respect for edict, morality, someone-to-person honor, and rights of others, which is required of God-fearing men and women. (UB student pass onbook, Article XIV 2010 Edition)Schools have policies that are being implemented for the general welfare of its constituents. These policies provide a effectuate of rules that the students, teachers, etc. should fol slump. These rules are necessary for the order and uniformity of the students deep down the teach premise. Even with the presence of these rules, some of t he students violate them disregarding the sanctions that go along with it. The devise constitution originated from the Latin word politia or polity.Defined as a definite course of march adopted for the sake of expediency, facility, etc. an proceeding or procedure conforming to or considered with reference to prudence or expediency. (http//dictionary.reference.com/browse/policy)Educational policies are signifi batht beca commit these are rules that are utilise in schools to discipline students. These rules determine how effective and efficient the school is in managing students and personnel. The policies have great influence in the quality of education in an area. Educational policies are important beca workout effective policies can help students in school on their day to day activity.For a policy to become effective, it must have a well-pronounced outcome, assumptions should be clear and explicit, linkage to governmental direction must be present, receiv commensurate proces s in the development has to be observed, the priority should be on the prevalent interest, expectations have to be made, the policy must be both efficient and effective, results should be stated in measurable terms, evaluation of results should be capable, funding and storage altogetherocation of resources must be appropriate, accountability should non be vague, it should be lawful and administered, it must be based from history, ideas have to be verified before execution, and the policy results should be well stated. (http//manuals.ucdavis.edu/resources/coordinators.htm) one and only(a) of the factors why students violate school policies can be explained through their different behaviours. Behaviour is the manner of behaving or conducting oneself the aggregate of all the responses made by an organism in any situation. (http//dictionary.reference.com/browse/behavior) Based on Operant Conditioning of B.F. Skinner All behaviour ca utilize by foreign stimuli and all behaviour can be explained without the need to consider upcountry mental states or consciousness. It heart and soul that the actions done by students are responses to its environment. (http//www.learning-theories.com/behaviorism)A nonher part of behaviourism is Radical Behaviourism which is the connection to role of emotions and the major differences in the acceptance of mediating structures and etc. In order to resolve this problem the group name out that the best settlement is the use of Biometric identification ashess which can be grouped based on the main strong-arm characteristic that lends itself to biometric identification. There are different kinds of biometric organisation in which the fingerprint biometrics is the comm just now utilize one. There are to a fault other biometric identification dusts such as the overtake geometry, palm vein trademark, retina scan, iris scan, face recognition, signature, and portion analytic thinking. There are biometric systems that are comp osed of much than two physical characteristics to be identified.Statement of the conundrum1) What are the reasons why these students violate such policies? 2) What are the most common policies that are violated by the violators? 3) How can the proposed biometric ID system control students from violating the wearing of ID? eye socket and DelimitationThis proposal was limited only to the students of the University of Baguio including the administrative staff, teachers, faculty and utilities.Significance of the StudyWith the help of this proposal, the University of Baguio would be able to control every gateway and clog of the school. The act of non wearing IDs for the students would no longer be possible because they will not be able to read the school without their IDs. The biometric ID system would establish the security of the academe for the safety of the students. The sentence when the students would enter and leave their classes would be monitored. The system would be able to determine if the students will skip their classes. Also, the entry of thieves and pick-pocketers within the school premises would no longer be possible due to this proposal. With this modernized system to be established in the University, all of the students and personnel of the school will benefit from it.FRAMEWORKThe leniency of the marshals in checking the IDs and proper wearing of uniforms, students not fol smalling the rules and regulation of the school and to monitor the entrance and exit of the students of University of Baguio within the schools vicinity are the reasons why the investigateers proposed an ID Biometric System.The students violated the above mentioned rules due to leniency, habitual actions of students, laziness, and un cherished behaviours of students. approximately students just wanted to violate such policies because they thought that it was a fun and interesting thing to do.If the proposed project will be fully implemented, there will be organizati on in the school campus and an effective monitoring of the passage ways in entering and going out of the school. Based on these factors that we have retrieved on the info that we have collected, the theory that would best support our proposal is the belief theory. We chose this theory because we, the researchers, believe that the proposed biometric ID system will work and we will therefore translate these beliefs into action. The researchers visualize that this would be able to control the re descendring problems that are being done by the University of Baguio students and that is the reason why we have made this very proposal.DEFINITION OF TERMS* Biometric pertaining to, noting, or using a persons unique physical and other traits for the purpose of identification and security. * Coincide to occupy exactly corresponding or same positions on a scale or in a series * Identification psychological orientation of the self in regard to something (as a person or group) with a resulti ng feeling of close emotional association. * Implementation the act of implementing, or putting into effect. * Policy a definite course of manner of action selected from among alternatives and in light of given conditions to guide and determine present and future decisions. * Proposal An act of putting forward or stating something for consideration. * Scanner a cheat sensing a recorded information.* System a group of devices or artificial objects or an organization forming a network especially for distri justing something or fortune common purpose. * Units a piece or complex apparatus serving to perform one particular functionASSUMPTIONThe group assumed that if the proposal is to be approved by the Board of Directors, it would be implemented immediately. The ordered units will be put up to the designated areas and the Biometric system will start functioning. With the bare-assed system of the school, there will be an organization in school activities. The school then will b e a safe and humane derriere to study.CHAPTER IIREVIEW OF RELATED LITERARTUREI. EXECUTIVE SUMMARYIn the millennial years rapidly advancing technological world, the print of security is becoming a more and more pressing matter. Computer crimes and identity theft related to crimes are becoming more rampant and apparent, requiring better solutions to cope with them. One of the proposed methods for solution for future mellow- applied science security issues lies in the palm of biometrics. biometry defined simply in its regard to security matters is any method or engineering science which uses biologic ratements to facilitate authentication for verification or identification of a particular user.Although still in major phases of development, biometrics is seen as a highly semiprecious initiative to one day replace present day security authentication practices due to its ideal concept of being virtually risk leave office and non-inaccurate. This paper will analyze all aspects concerning biometrics including its boilers suit concept, how a biometrical authentication system works, controversial issues concerning its implementation, its current uses in technology, business, and governmental agencies and its future developments.II. excogitation OF BIOMETRICS IN SECURITYA. TWO CATEGORIESBiometrics can be subdivided into two main categories. These admit physiological and behavioral categories of specific measurements. Physiological measurements include biological characteristics inbuilt to individual human beings. Some of these would include facial structure, fingerprints, hand structure, iris and DNA structure of a particular person. Behavioral measurements measure dynamics in individual behaviors. Some of these would include keystroke behavior, signature and voice recognition.B. VARIOUS METHODS FOR COLLECTING MEASUREMENTSFACE Facial recognition involves technology which scans the face and interprets the selective information as recognizable characterist ics of a particular user, including the size and shape of the face and their relationship to each other. Facial recognition is a natural method that man use to identify people they come into contact with, but it is not an easy method to duplicate for identification on a biometric system. This is due to changes such as malleable surgery, weight gain or weight loss which can cause the results to be inaccurate. Another emerging method of collecting biometric culture involving the face is facial thermograph which detects and measures the heat patterns created by the branching business line vessels within the face and emitted through the skin.FINGERPRINT fingerprint outline has been around for centuries as a gist of identifying people. It has been evidenced that ancient Chinese employ fingerprinting to sign legal documents as long ago as 1000 BCE. Fingerprint psychoanalysis involves examining the ridges on an individual fingerprint in order to match them to a specific owner. HAN D delves can be analyzed and metrical in a few different ways. Aside from fingerprints, another way to use hands in biometrical analysis is through hand geometry which measures and compares the different physical characteristics of a persons hand such as shape and size. Another method concerning hands is palm vein authentication which uses an infrared beam to penetrate a persons hand and measure the complexity of the vein patterns within that persons hand. This specific method is more useful than hand geometry measurement because palm vein patterns are internal to the body, and unvoiced to be counterfeited by an illegitimate user.EYES Eyes can be used in two different ways as a part of a biometrical scrutiny process. Iris examine involves analysis of the rings, furrows, and freckles in the pupil of the eye of a particular human. Retina scanning involves analysis of the capillary blood vessels located in the back of the eye. DNA DNA verification uses analysis of genetic informati on found within a specific persons DNA write in code (or genetic code) as a means of identifying that person. DNA analysis is often used now as a method for identifying paternity of a persons fry or in forensic crime investigations as a evidence for convicting individuals for crimes such as murder or rape. ODOR SCENT Odor and sweetness analysis is a fairly new development in biometrical analysis and is based on a theory entitled individual odor theory.This theory is premised on the notion that each person has a particular and unique scent. In forensics, odor analysis has been used to identify people by the use of blood hounds (dogs). utter ANALYSIS Voice analysis involves analyzing of the pitch, tone, cadence, and frequency of a particular users voice to facilitate authentication. Voice analysis can technically be seen as both a physiological trait as well as a behavioral trait because voice is not only inherent to a specific person, but too the way that person speaks is also a unique and measurable trait. SIGNATURE Signature analysis analyzes the way a person writes his/her signature as a basic means of identification.Although handwriting proficiencys vary for individuals throughout their lifetimes, handwriting identification is seen as a scientifically sure criterion for measurement. KEYSTROKE Keystroke analysis measures the dynamics of a persons typing rhythms to facilitate authentication of a particular person. Keystroke analysis whitethorn be more useful than other methods of identification because unlike other biometrical authentication methods, keystroke dynamics can still be measured throughout the computer session even after the opening control point has been successfully passed by the user. tread Another new developing biometrical technique is one which measures gait which is a persons particular way of walk and facilitating motion. Gait can be used effectively to recognize people coming in from a distance. COGNITIVE BIOMETRICS Cognitive bio metrics is also a developing method in biometrics which uses measurements of brain activity responses when triggered by specific stimuli and matched within a computer database as a means for authentication of a particular user of the system. Currently, systems which utilize this kind of method are being created to trigger responses to odor stimuli. In the future, other triggers whitethorn be used to create responses.C. PARAMETERSGiven the mixed methods for collecting biometrical data, each of these techniques must pass a set of parameters to a degree in order to be considered as a viable method for integration within a biometrical system. These parameters include UNIVERSALITY The belief of universality stipulates that every user should have the characteristic. Sometimes, in some cases this may not be true as it the case of a person with no hands who cannot use a hand analysis machine for verification. UNIQUENESS The principle of uniqueness involves the degree of how separable the biometric characteristic is between each individual person. PERMANENCE The principle of permanence involves how well the technique used for measuring is resistant to changes such as aging, human developmental processes such as pregnancy, or things such as plastic surgery.COLLECTABILITY The collectability principle is related to how easy the method is to acquire. Easier methods, as well as more sanitary methods are more ideal for a viable biometrical system. PERFORMANCE The mental process principle is concerned with the accuracy, speed and the strength of the technology used to authenticate the user. ACCEPTABILITY The acceptability principle is related to the degree of social approval for use of the technology as a means for collecting biometrical data. CIRCUMVENTION Circumvention involves, the biometrical systems ease of adaptation to a substitute should the system need one. 1. COMPARISON OF VARIOUS METHODS WITH PARAMETERS(Based on the Comparison of mixed Biometric technologies ta ble by A.K. Jain, et. al. 2004) FACE Facial scanning has a high level of universality because it is virtually impossible for any living human-being to possess no form of a face. Facial scanning scads low in its level of uniqueness due to the fact that it can be difficult to sort characteristics from person to person at times. This is due to some people having similar features which may be hard to distinguish. In the case of identical twins, this may not be a useful means for authentication at all. Facial scanning tons a spiritualist ranking under the permanence factor. This is due to the fact that although a persons actual facial characteristics never change, they are subject to transformations such as aging, weight gain or loss, and alterations such as plastic surgery or accidents. As far as collectability, facial scanning scores a high mark due to the fact that, going along with its high level of universality, every living human-being does have a face which is easy to locate on a human body.Facial scanning is low in performance because it can tend to be highly inaccurate due to the dynamical aspect of human faces. Facial scanning also scores high in acceptability as a comfortable and accepted way people would want to collect their biometrical data, but it scores low in circumvention because it doesnt have an easy substitute which can replace it. Facial thermograph scores high in universality, uniqueness, collectability, acceptability, and circumvention. It scores low in permanence and sensitive in performance. FINGERPRINT Fingerprinting scores medium in its level of universality. This is due to the fact that although all people inherently possess fingerprints at birth, fingerprints can still be damaged via rare skin diseases or through loss of fingers, abrasions, etc.Fingerprinting has a high level of uniqueness and a high level of permanence. Fingerprinting has a medium level of collectability and performance due to the fact that although it is easy to acquire for measurement, there is a 5% adversity to enroll rate which exists for everyone even with good sensors and analysis software. Fingerprinting has a medium level of acceptability by the public as a means for collecting data. This is because although it is an easy method of measurement, it may be unhygienic, inaccurate as well as easy to duplicate unlawfully. Fingerprinting has a high level of circumvention due to its ease of adaptation to a substitute if deemed necessary. HAND Hand geometry scores medium in its universality, uniqueness, permanence, performance, acceptability, and circumvention. Hand geometry scores high in its collectability aspect. Hand vein analysis also scores medium in universality, uniqueness, permanence, collectability, performance, and acceptability but it scores high in circumvention.The overall reason why hand analysis carries a medium ranking in virtually all the parameters listed is because of a human-beings ability to live without them. EYES Eye analysis provides for a more accurate analysis approach in a biometric system. Iris scanning scores high in universality, uniqueness, permanence, performance, and circumvention. This is due to the complexity and exclusivity of iris patterns which does make them a better choice method of biometric authentication. Iris scanning received a medium score in collectability and a low score in acceptability due to the complexity of the method and its suitability to the general masses. Retinal scanning also received similar scores, scoring high in universality, uniqueness, performance, and circumvention receiving a medium score in permanence, and low scores in both its collectability and acceptability. DNA DNA analysis has split results, scoring high in universality, uniqueness, permanence, and performance, and scoring low in collectability, acceptability, and circumvention.Although DNA can be extracted from a numerous amount of different ways, a method of extracting DNA in order to be used in a biometrical authentication system cannot be done without seeming invasive or unhealthful. Also, many people may be concerned with retirement matters concerning DNA analysis. ODOR SCENT Odor and scent analysis scores high in universality, uniqueness, and permanence. Although scents can be masked by deodorants, fragrances and lotions, the underlying biological scent of a person cannot be concealed. Odor analysis also scores low in collectability, performance, and circumvention, with a medium score in acceptability. VOICE ANALYSIS Voice analysis scores medium in its universality and collectability. It scores low scores in uniqueness, permanence, performance, and circumvention, make it not an ideal method for use in a biometrical system.This is because not only does a persons voice change throughout time, but people can knowingly change their voice or use technology to change their voice (such as a recording) in order to dupe a system. Voice analysis scores high in acceptabili ty due to the simplicity of the method. SIGNATURE Signature analysis scores low in universality, uniqueness, permanence, performance, and circumvention. It scores high in collectability, and acceptability. Signature analysis may not be an ideal method for authentication because although graphology experts can distinguish identities through meticulous handwriting analysis, it may be more difficult for a biometrical system to accurately analyze differences in handwriting for each individual person.This is because a persons handwriting can change depend on various things such as the mood of the person. Also some people may write similarly or use forgery to try to dupe the system. KEYSTROKE Keystroke analysis is another method which may be seen as not as tried and true as some of the other methods for collecting biometric information. Although it has the advantage of being able to simultaneously authenticate a user while he/she is still within the work session, keystroke analysis score s low for universality, uniqueness, permanence, and performance. It also has medium scores for collectability, acceptability, and circumvention. This may be due to the behavioral aspect of typing which can be easily changed if a person learns to type in different ways.GAIT Gait scores medium in universality and circumvention. Gait has low scores in uniqueness, permanence, and performance. Gait also has high scores in collectability and acceptability. Of all the various methods for collecting biometric data, some of the most reliable methods (according to the table by A.K. Jain et. Al) are iris scanning, retinal scanning, facial thermograph, fingerprint analysis, and DNA analysis. Some of the least reliable methods are keystroke analysis, signature analysis, and voice analysis. Overall, it appears that physiological data is seen as a more reliable method for collecting data than behavioral data. three. BIOMETRIC SYSTEM A. BIOMETRIC SYSTEMA biometrical system although seemingly compli cated, has only two main steps, regard slight of the methodology or the technology used to facilitate it. The system becomes with a process called enrollment which is when the biometric information from individual users is collected and stored within a database and translated into a code or graph. In some instances data may be stored on a smart card which can be carried away with the user. The next operation of the biometrical system is called testing. During this portion of the system, biometrical data is detected and compared with that which is in the database.In order for a biometrical system to be robust, it is necessary that the storage and retrieval of data within the system be highly secured. (http//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/ flip/3/3c/Biometric_system_diagram.png/800px-) A biometrical system can carry out two main functions. These include verification or identification. In verification, the systems objective is to authenticate the user in conjunction with anoth er method such as a smart card, a username, or a password. With identification, the systems intention is to authenticate the user only on the basis of the biometrical data alone. The goal of this function is to identify the user according to the closest match within the allowable limit of the system.B. PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENTSThe performance of a biometric systems technology can be broken down into a variety of probability descriptions. These descriptions indicate the level of accuracy the system is able to achieve. FAR- The premier(prenominal) measurement is entitled anomalous Accept Rate. This measurement determines the likeliness of a biometric system incorrectly accepting access to the system by an un-authorized user. This measurement is deliberate by dividing the number of false acceptances by the number of times an identification attempt has been made. FRR- The second measurement is called a False Rejection Rate which measures the probability that a biometric system will in correctly reject an authorized user from using the system. This number is calculated by dividing the number of false rejections by the number of authentication attempts. EER- Equal error rate stands for the rate at which FAR and FRR are equal.This measurement can be used to compare two different biometric systems. Whichever biometric system has a lower EER is considered to be a more accurate system than the other. ROC- Receiver operating characteristics deals with the systems accuracy within certain environments as it relates to False Rejection and False Acceptance Rate results. FTE- FTE stands for failure to enroll rate. This measurement is calculated as a percentage of the data which failed to pass through the system due to in effectuality. disappointment to enroll typically happens when the sample data is of poor quality and does not match the data which is stored in the database of the system. FTC- FTC is the failure to capture rate. This measurement measures the probability th at the system will fail to pick up on a biometric characteristic when it is presented accurately. High calculations of this measurement typically mean that this authentication method will be difficult as well as frustrating to use.C. SUSCEPTIBLE AREAS OF ATTACK FOR BIOMETRICSThe three most susceptible areas of vulnerability for attack of a biometric system are 1) Copied-biometric attacks- where the attacker obtains a substitute for the true biometric sample in order to cause proper authentication to occur via the normal system procedures. 2) play back attacks- where perpetrators obtain valid templates from the original user and then use them to directly dupe the biometric system. 3) Database attacks- where perpetrators access a template database and obtain the ability to replace valid templates with invalid ones.IV. ISSUES WITH BIOMETRICSA. IDENTITY THEFT ISSUEAlthough the ideal goal of biometrical authentication is to have ultimate prevention of identity theft, the issue of an ill egitimate user having the ability to commit identity theft still exists within biometrics and can have even more dire circumstances than with non-biometrical authentication systems. Depending on the method used to collect the biometrical data, a persons identity can be stolen easily. An example of this would be in the case of fingerprints which can be taken from dyspneic objects such as glassware or metal objects and then duplicated in order to be used to dupe a biometrical system.The main problem concerning this issue is in the fact that if an individuals identification is stolen by another, the legitimate user may never be able to undo the damage which has been created because, unlike with non-biometrical authentication, once biometrical data has been compromised, it is compromised for the entirety of the legitimate users existence. One proposed possible solution for solving the issue of identity theft is to only use a portion of the biometric data, so that if the data does becom e compromised, it will not be entirely lost. This way, if one part of the data is stolen, another part of the original users biometric data can be used to replace it.B. PRIVACY ISSUEPrivacy can also be a staggering issue with the implementation of a biometrical system from a societal standpoint. Many people may not care to have all of their biological characteristics recorded on some medium for a variety of reasons. One concern is that if information is recorded on systems used at more than one location or by more than one entity, an individuals movements can be tracked preventing anonymity. Safety of the legitimate users can become compromised, if malevolent individuals choose to target that person in order to obtain their goal.Another issue regarding secretiveness involves physical harm which can be done to an individual using a biometrical system. Physical harm can occur by use of unsanitary instruments used in the technology to obtain the biometrical information, which may caus e the system to be considered unsafe. Another issue regarding privacy lies with the administrative ability to misuse users biometrical data without the consent of those users. Currently, few regulations exist to protect biometric information of individuals.C. SENSOR OBSTACLESDifferent types of technology (hardware software) used within different biometrical systems can counteract one another, making it difficult to have standardized biometrical data. One of the reasons this problem exists is because each vendor of biometrical technology generates their own encryption methods for the recorded information. Unfortunately, many of these encryption methods do not coincide with one another making the use of biometrical systems more difficult and less efficient. The only way unification of the different biometrical systems can occur is by a standardizing process which would require exposing of all the concealed data. Unfortunately, this can also present a serious threat.D. FAILURE TO MEET PARAMETERSAnother issue concerning implementation of biometrics is in the issue of a systems failure to meet parameters. In order for biometrical data to be interminable, the biological characteristic must be unique, universal, acceptable, collectible, reliable in regards to the performance and circumvention of the technology used to collect the data, but most importantly, the data must be permanent, which is the most fragile issue concerning the parameters of biometrical data. Unfortunately, most if not all biological characteristics are not guaranteed to be permanent. Many of them can be compromised via accidents, health problems or alterations such as surgery.V. CURRENT USES OF BIOMETRICSAlthough the field of biometrics as a whole is still in need of major development before widespread implementation will ever occur there are some entities including private perseverance and governmental agencies which currently utilize biometrical technology. Certain examples of American organi zations which currently use biometric technology include 1) Walt Disney mankind Walt Disney World uses fingerprint analysis technology to authenticate the fingerprints of guests in order to ensure that season tickets are used by the authorized ticket owner. This is in order to prevent lost sales through ticket sharing, as well as thefts. 2) First Tech Credit Union First Tech Credit Union is an Oregon based extension union which utilizes keystroke recognition technology for authentication of users on its online website.3) Casinos Over 100 American casinos such as the Imperial Palace casino in Las Vegas use facial recognition technology to identify and prevent known cheaters or dishonest patrons from entering into their establishments. 4) miss Childrens Clearinghouse A West Virginia based organization entitled Missing Childrens Clearinghouse uses biometric technology which utilizes scanned digital photographs to search for missing children. 5) Citibank Singapore Citibank in Singapo re uses fingerprint scanning technology for customers who use their clear platinum card for point-of-sale purchases.6) Coca Cola Coca Cola uses hand scanning machines to replace time cards for employees in order to document worker time keepinsg records. 7) Welfare crack-down New Jersey as well as six other states use biometric technology to crack down on individuals who abuse the welfare system by claiming benefits in multiple names. 8) Notebooks Computer products such as the Compaq Armada E500 are being highly-developed to use fingerprint scanning technology to verify the identity of the user. 9) Prisons Up to 100 American Prisons use biometric technology to regulate methadone dispersement among prisoners.VI. FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS IN BIOMETRICSSince the occurrence of the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, a surge in the demand for biometric technology has begun. Stocks in publically trade biometric companies such as Visionics, Viisage Technology, and Indentix have soared with the overall biometric technology industry projected to have revenues approaching $10 billion dollars annually by 2020. Emerging trends for future uses of biometric technology seem to lean more towards law enforcement, homeland security, and security within certain types of private industry such as in airport security or finance. Many credit card companies such as Mastercard and Visa are beginning to implement biometric authentication methods to verify card users. Also, the Immigration and Naturalization Service may begin implementing biometric technologies to identify illegal immigrants.Certain types of biometric technology which are becoming more widespread include access control facial recognition technology which is used to permit only authorized individuals to enter upon certain facilities, facial recognition passive surveillance technology which is used to monitor premises in order to identify possible terrorists or suspect individuals, and alert management which includes the use of real-time technology in association with biometric technology to provide security alerts of likely security breaches. Applications which use biometric technology will also have an effect on commerce, particularly in e-commerce to provide extra security for online purchases, and installation within certain personal items such as cars and cell phones.VII. stopping pointAlthough not that long ago, the concept of having biometric technology as a part of our mainstream society may have been seen as a science-fictional impossibility, technological innovation has grown to the point where it is becoming more and more of a reality. Although we are not quite erect for widespread implementation of this technology, as the need for better hi-tech security increases, research as well as investor and consumer confidence and innovation within the biometric industry is also expected to improve. Although no single biometric system method is without flaws, combinations of these various methods a nd technologies may provide the ideal security that we hope to attain one day.CHAPTER IIIMETHODOLOGYThere was difficulty in determining the real students of the University of Baguio because of the hard-headed students who cannot abide with the simple rules and regulations which was the reoccurring problems of the security. Due to this problem, the mandos and magnas can easily enter the schools premises victimizing a lot of students. This was one of the reasons why such simple violations became a huge problem for the school.Regarding this matter, the group came up with an idea for a topic for their action research. Before they finalize their topic, the group went to the Office of the Student Affairs and interviewed the dean to know which rules are commonly violated by the students. After the interview, the group unflinching that the rules which are commonly violated are a) wearing of I.Ds inside the school campus and b) wearing of uniforms on the designated days.The group then conve ned and finalized their topic that would focus on A proposed Biometric ID system to control the reoccurring violations by University of Baguio students. Since there was already a topic to be talked about in the research, the group started to gather data which were relevant to the research proper like that of related studies and researches and terms that are significant to the study. After collecting relevant information for the research, the group prepared communication letters intercommunicate to the deans of the different schools of the University and respondents likewise with the survey questionnaire. Upon approval of the deans of the different schools, the group administered the questionnaires to the respondents.The survey forms were distributed to the eleven schools of the University having ten (10) respondents each to see which results have the same percentage which were used to know the reasons behind these actions. After distributing the survey questionnaires, the group the n retrieve the questionnaires and start tabulating the results. The tabulated data showed the reasons why the students violate these simple policies of the school.The result of the survey support the proposal that were passed to the Board of Directors. The group then proposed the biometric ID system that will be put up in every entrances and exits of the buildings in the University. The biometric ID system will most likely be very costly but disregarding such amount, the administration will approve it and immediately ordered the said system. By the time the systems that had been ordered arrive, the people designated by the higher ops will put up such systems on the designated areas to make the University a safe and humane place to study.CONCLUSIONIn light of the findings, the following conclusions are hereby presented Not wearing of ID has been a habit of the students. Sometimes the teachers themselves forget to check their students ID. The security guard also are not delicate in c hecking the IDs of these students. Because of this attitude most number of the student no longer uses their IDs. The students think that it is just fine not use their IDs.The researchers are found out that the school really need a biometric ID system. Approximately, one unit of the biometric system will cost more or less two hundred fifty thousand pesos. In such case the University of Baguio can still afford this system since it does not only help the students but it can also secure their safetyWith the help of this proposal it will lessen the burden of the security personnel. This proposal can also lessen the number of students violating the proper use of IDs. In such situation students can no longer use any ID because of the presence of finger prints. The students whether they like it or not would still be forced to use their IDs. Also, this proposal can help in the security of the school campus because outsiders can no longer come in because of the presence of finger prints.RECOM MENDATIONDrawing from the conclusions that the researchers arrived at, the following recommendations are forwarded. The researchers would recommend the strict implementation of the rules and regulations of the university and the maintenance of the biometric ID system. In addition, each of the gates should be closed. Also, the lenient checking on the wearing of IDs should be done. The guards should monitor every student entering the university. In case the students lost their IDs, we recommend that a password that would allow them to enter would be provided by the OSA during the time of the IDs loss.BIBLIOGRAPHYBOOKS* Addiction Today, Sept. 27, 2008. Prisons Use Biometrics to Manage Methadone. * Germain, Jack M., Sept. 11, 2003. Beyond Biometrics New Strategies for Security. * New York Times, Nov. 15, 2008. Technology and Media, a Surge in the Demand to use Biometrics. * Osborn, Alice, Aug. 17, 2005. emerging of Biometrics-Trends and Emerging Uses for Biometric Technology. * Panko, Raymond R., Corporate Computer and Network Security. New Jersey Prentice Hall, 2004. * Risk Management, Mar. 15, 2005. Biometrics The Future is Now. * Technology and Human Values Senior Seminar, 2008. Biometrics. * Tilton, Catherine J., Feb. 2006. The Role of Biometrics in Enterprise Security. * Wikepedia, Nov. 13, 2008. Biometrics.ONLINE* http//www.addictiontoday.org/addictiontoday/2008/09/prisons-use-bio.html. * http//www.ecommercetimes.com/story/31547.html?wlc=1226777438 * .http//query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F06E0DB163EF934A25751C1A9679C8B63sec=spon=pagewanted=1 * http//www.video-surveillance-guide.com/future-of-biometrics.htm * http//www.riskmanagementmagazine.com.au/articles/FF/0C02DDFF.asp?Type=124Category=1240 * http//www.dell.com/downloads/global/power/ps1q06-20050132-Tilton-OE.pdf . * http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biometricscite_note-jain_short_article-20 .